Anesthesia via peripheral nerve blocks during total knee replacement has no effect on postoperative inflammation in elderly patients.

Background: We have previously shown that, compared with general anesthesia (GA), the procedure of peripheral nerve blocks (PNB) facilitates faster recovery of elderly patients from total knee replacement (TKR). Here, we investigated whether the faster recovery is associated with decreased perioperative stress and inflammation and decreased incidences of postoperative complications.

Methods: After randomization, 165 patients aged ≥65 years underwent TKR under GA or PNB.

Mdivi-1 improves postoperative neurocognitive disorders in aged rats undergoing splenectomy by inhibiting dynamin-related protein-1.

Background: The regulatory role of mitochondria in the inflammatory response of the nervous system postoperatively remains unclear. This study explored the relationship between mitochondria and postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction (PNCD) by regulating mitochondrial function in aged rats undergoing splenectomy.

Methods: A total of 120 aged rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=24) as follows: Control group (not subjected to any form of treatment), Sham group (subjected only to sham-splenectomized operation after anesthesia), Splenectomy group (only underwent splenectomy after anesthesia), Synonyms Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1) group [treated with Mdivi-1, a dynamin-relatedprotein 1 (Drp1) inhibitor], and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) group (treated with DMSO, a solvent).

Emergency tracheal intubation peri-operative risk factors and prognostic impact after esophagectomy.

Background: Emergent endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a serious complication after Oesophagectomy. It is still unclear that perioperative risk factors and prognosis of these patients with ETI.

Methods: Between January 2015 and December 2018, 21 patients who received ETI after esophagectomy were enrolled (ETI group) at the department of thoracic surgery, Fujian Union hospital, China.

Targeting cell cycle and apoptosis to overcome chemotherapy resistance in acute myeloid leukemia.

Chemotherapy-resistant acute myeloid leukemia (AML), frequently driven by clonal evolution, has a dismal prognosis. A genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen investigating resistance to doxorubicin and cytarabine (Dox/AraC) in human AML cell lines identified gene knockouts involving AraC metabolism and genes that regulate cell cycle arrest (cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) and TP53) as contributing to resistance. In human AML cohorts, reduced expression of CDKN2A conferred inferior overall survival and CDKN2A downregulation occurred at relapse in paired diagnosis-relapse samples, validating its clinical relevance.

Development of 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Antimicrobial Agents to Treat Enteric Pathogens within the Gastrointestinal Tract.

Colonization of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with pathogenic bacteria is an important risk factor for the development of certain potentially severe and life-threatening healthcare-associated infections, yet efforts to develop effective decolonization agents have been largely unsuccessful thus far. Herein, we report modification of the 1,2,4-oxadiazole class of antimicrobial compounds with poorly permeable functional groups in order to target bacterial pathogens within the GI tract. We have identified that the quaternary ammonium functionality of analogue results in complete impermeability in Caco-2 cell monolayers while retaining activity against GI pathogens and multidrug-resistant (MDR) .

[Effect of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in intestinal protection by Sishen Pills against ulcerative colitis in mice].

The present study aimed to explore the effect of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) signaling pathway in intestinal protection by Sishen Pills against ulcerative colitis(UC). After the UC model was induced by 3% dextran sodium sulfate(DSS), experimental animals were randomly divided into control group, model group, salazosulfapyridine(SASP) group, and low-and high-dose Sishen Pills groups. Drug intervention(ig) was performed for seven consecutive days during modeling.

Copper(I)-catalysed site-selective C(sp)-H bond chlorination of ketones, (E)-enones and alkylbenzenes by dichloramine-T.

Strategies that enable intermolecular site-selective C-H bond functionalisation of organic molecules provide one of the cornerstones of modern chemical synthesis. In chloroalkane synthesis, such methods for intermolecular site-selective aliphatic C-H bond chlorination have, however, remained conspicuously rare. Here, we present a copper(I)-catalysed synthetic method for the efficient site-selective C(sp)-H bond chlorination of ketones, (E)-enones and alkylbenzenes by dichloramine-T at room temperature.

Emergency tracheal intubation during off-hours is not associated with increased mortality in hospitalized patients: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The prognosis of hospitalized patients after emergent endotracheal intubation (ETI) remains poor. Our aim was to evaluate the 30-d hospitalization mortality of subjects undergoing ETI during daytime or off-hours and to analyze the possible risk factors affecting mortality.

Methods: A single-center retrospective study was performed at a university teaching facility from January 2015 to December 2018.

A robust photoluminescence screening assay identifies uracil-DNA glycosylase inhibitors against prostate cancer.

Many cancers have developed resistance to 5-FU, due to removal by the enzyme uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG), a type of base excision repair enzyme (BER) that can excise uracil and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) from DNA. However, the development of UDG inhibitor screening methods, especially for the rapid and efficient screening of natural product/natural product-like compounds, is still limited so far. We developed herein a robust time-resolved photoluminescence method for screening UDG inhibitors, which could significantly improve sensitivity over the screening method based on the conventional steady-state spectroscopy, reducing the substantial fluorescence background interference.

Chiral Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Dehydrative Nazarov-Type Electrocyclization of Aryl and 2-Thienyl Vinyl Alcohols.

An efficient chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed enantioselective dehydrative Nazarov-type electrocyclization (DNE) of electron-rich aryl- and 2-thienyl-β-amino-2-en-1-ols is described. The 4π conrotatory electrocyclization reaction affords access to a wide variety of the corresponding 1 H-indenes and 4 H-cyclopenta[ b]thiophenes in excellent yields of up to 99% and enantiomeric excess (ee) values of up to 99%. Experimental and computational studies based on a proposed intimate contact ion-pair species that is further assisted by hydrogen bonding between the amino group of the substrate cation and chiral catalyst anion provide insight into the observed product enantioselectivities.

Silver-Catalyzed 1,3-Acyloxy Migration/Diels-Alder Reaction of 1,9-Dien-4-yne Esters to Partially Hydrogenated Isoquinolines.

A synthetic method to prepare partially hydrogenated isoquinolines efficiently from silver-mediated [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement/Diels-Alder reaction of 1,9-dien-4-yne esters is described. The reactions were shown to be robust with a wide variety of substitution patterns tolerated to provide the corresponding nitrogen-containing heterocyclic products in good to excellent yields. This includes examples containing a bridgehead sp quaternary carbon center as well as the cycloisomerization of one substrate to give the corresponding bicyclic adduct in excellent yield at the gram scale.

Retrospective comparison of the effects of epidural anesthesia versus peripheral nerve block on postoperative outcomes in elderly Chinese patients with femoral neck fractures.

Background: Geriatric patients with femoral neck fracture (FNF) have unacceptably high rates of postoperative complications and mortality. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of epidural anesthesia versus peripheral nerve block (PNB) on postoperative outcomes in elderly Chinese patients with FNF.

Methods: This retrospective study explored mortality and postoperative complications in geriatric patients with FNF who underwent epidural anesthesia or PNB at the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital from January 2008 to December 2012.

Chemiluminescence determination of streptomycin in pharmaceutical preparation and its application to pharmacokinetic study by a flow injection analysis assembly.

A novel and rapid method for the determination of streptomycin has been established by chemiluminescence (CL) based on significant intensity enhancement of streptomycin on the weak CL of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and eosin in alkaline medium. The method is simple, rapid and effective to determine streptomycin in the range of 8.0×10(-9)-1.

Determination of ferulic acid by flow injection chemiluminescence analysis based on enhancement of the N-bromobutanimide-eosin-CrCl3 system in alkaline solution.

A simple and sensitive flow injection chemiluminescence method has been developed for the determination of ferulic acid (FA) based on the significant enhancement effect of FA on the CL signal of the N-bromobutanimide (NBS)-eosin-CrCl3 system in alkaline solution. Under optimum conditions, the enhanced CL intensity is linearly related to the concentration of FA in its pharmaceutical preparations and human plasma samples. The corresponding linear regression equations were established over the 4.

Flurbiprofen axetil promotes neuroprotection by activation of cerebral peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma after focal cerebral ischemia in rats.

Background: Our previous papers indicate that flurbiprofen axetil (FA), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, is a promising therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemia in rats. This study aimed to investigate whether FA could promote a neuroprotective effect by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) after focal cerebral ischemia in rats.

Methods: Totally 48 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned into six groups (n = 8 in each group): animals in group ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) only received 120-minute transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO); animals in group I/R + FA were administered FA (10 mg/kg) by caudal vein just after 120-minute tMCAO; animals in group I/R + FA + GW9662 were administered GW9662 (a PPAR-γ inhibitor, 1 mg/kg) intraperitoneally 30 minutes before cerebral ischemia onset and FA (10 mg/kg) by caudal vein just after 120-minute tMCAO; animals in group I/R + GW9662 were administered GW9662 (1 mg/kg) intraperitoneally 30 minutes before cerebral ischemia onset; animals in group I/R + DMSO were administered 3% DMSO (vehicle of GW9662, 1 ml/kg) intraperitoneally 30 minutes before cerebral ischemia onset; animals in sham group experienced the identical surgery apart from the insertion of the nylon filament.

Flow injection chemiluminescence determination of 2-methoxyestradiol based on inhibition of luminol-potassium ferricyanide reaction.

A novel flow-injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) method is described for the determination of 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME). The method is based on the inhibitory effect of 2-ME on the CL reaction of luminol and potassium ferricyanide in alkaline solution. Under optimal conditions, net CL intensity was proportional to 2-ME concentration in synthetic and mouse plasma samples.

Effects of 2-methoxyestradiol on proliferation, apoptosis and gene expression of cyclin B1 and c-Myc in esophageal carcinoma EC9706 cells.

2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME) is an endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol. In this study, we determined the antitumour activities of 2-ME on the well-differentiated EC9706 esophageal carcinoma cells in vitro. 2-ME had a strong antiproliferative effect on EC9706 cells and caused an increase in the population of apoptotic cells, detected by flow cytometry.