Publications by authors named "Jianwei Zhou"
Stalled replication forks, susceptible to nucleolytic threats, necessitate protective mechanisms involving pivotal factors such as the tumor suppressors BRCA1 and BRCA2. Here, we demonstrate that, upon replication stress, RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is recruited to stalled forks, actively promoting the transient formation of RNA-DNA hybrids. These hybrids act as safeguards, preventing premature engagement by the DNA2 nuclease and uncontrolled DNA2-mediated degradation of nascent DNA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Thoracic spinal tuberculosis (TB) is still common, and surgical treatment can rapidly relieve pain, correct deformity, reduce bone loss and prevent further damage to neurological function. We have practiced an efficient and safe surgical method.
Methods: From January 2013 to April 2021, 38 patients with thoracic spinal TB were included in our study.
Senecavirus A (SVA) is an emerging pathogen that causes idiopathic vesicular infections in pig herds, posing a potential threat to their production performance. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is a molecular chaperone that plays an important role in host homeostasis under both physiological and stress conditions. However, the effects of Hsp70 on SVA infection and its underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBreCML: identifying breast cancer cell state in scRNA-seq via machine learning.
Front Med (Lausanne)
November 2024
Breast cancer is a prevalent malignancy and one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. This disease typically manifests through the abnormal proliferation and dissemination of malignant cells within breast tissue. Current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies face significant challenges in accurately identifying and localizing specific subtypes of breast cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh-grade Ovarian neuroendocrine tumors represent a rare subset of ovarian neoplasms characterized by aggressive behavior, poor prognosis, and early metastasis. Despite their clinical significance, the management of these tumors lacks consensus due to their low incidence. This comprehensive review encompasses literature spanning from 1991 to 2024, focusing on the clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, prognostic indicators, treatment modalities, and recent advancements in the understanding of this condition.
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- A multi-center, phase II study evaluated the combination of a novel PD-L1 inhibitor (benmelstobart) and anlotinib with chemotherapy for patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
- The study enrolled 50 patients, showing a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 14.9 months and a 1-year PFS of 58.5%, alongside a confirmed objective response rate of 72%.
- While 92% of patients experienced treatment-related adverse events, the results suggest that the treatment combination has promising efficacy and manageable toxicity for advanced or recurrent ESCC.
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- Tibetan sheep are traditionally grazed on pastures without extra feed, but now they are increasingly being fattened in feedlots, prompting a study comparing growth and health outcomes between two methods: pasture grazing (PG) and stall feeding (SF).
- The study found that SF sheep had better average daily gains, higher white blood cell counts, and lower platelet counts compared to PG sheep, while PG sheep showed higher serum antioxidant activity and protein levels.
- Additionally, the rumen analysis revealed distinct bacterial communities between the groups, with PG sheep showing greater diversity and a dominant presence of certain bacteria, highlighting the nutritional differences affected by feeding methods.
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- - Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a powerful technique for detecting small molecules in clinical settings, but it faces challenges like matrix effects from samples that affect accuracy and the need for manual preparation processes.
- - To address these issues, researchers developed an immunologic mass spectrometry (iMS) method that uses magnetic beads linked to antibodies for automated and selective enrichment of hormones such as testosterone, progesterone, and estradiol from human serum.
- - The iMS method showed high recovery rates (93.9%-110.8%) for the target hormones and demonstrated improved consistency and accuracy over traditional methods, eliminating the need for matrix-matched calibration standards.
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- * Infection with SVA leads to increased levels of RSAD2 mRNA, which in turn helps to reduce viral replication, as indicated by lower levels of viral proteins and infected cells.
- * The interaction between RSAD2 and SVA's 2 C protein is crucial for RSAD2's antiviral mechanism, and its expression is regulated by the JAK-STAT signaling pathway activated by type I interferon (IFN-I).
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- * Serum samples were treated with a protein precipitant, and specific conditions for fluid separation and analysis were employed to ensure accurate results.
- * The method demonstrated high accuracy and reliability, making it a useful tool for tracking blood drug levels and understanding how medications are metabolized in patients.
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most prevalent and lethal gynecological malignancies, with high mortality primarily due to its aggressive nature, frequent metastasis, and resistance to standard therapies. Recent research has highlighted the critical role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in these processes. EVs, secreted by living organisms and carrying versatile and bioactive cargoes, play a vital role in intercellular communication.
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- The study highlights the dual impact of coal mining on global energy security and environmental degradation, particularly emphasizing the ecological damage to the Tibetan Plateau.
- It introduces a method for monitoring mining disturbances using Landsat data and advanced algorithms to track changes over time, specifically in the Muli mining area between 2004 and 2014.
- The approach achieved high accuracy in mapping mining disturbances and subsequent reclamation efforts, thereby providing a reliable framework for future monitoring of similar mining activities across different mineral types.
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- PCV3 infection is a new disease linked to symptoms similar to porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), with no effective vaccines or treatments currently available.
- Researchers developed two visual detection methods using CRISPR/Cas12a combined with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) that are highly specific and sensitive, detecting as little as two copies of viral DNA.
- Both detection methods matched real-time qPCR results with a 100% coincidence rate in clinical samples within 30 minutes, showing strong potential for quickly identifying PCV3.
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- * Findings suggest a positive association, with smoking increasing the odds of developing a thoracic aortic aneurysm, indicated by odds ratios of 1.23 and 2.07.
- * The results contribute to understanding the causal relationship between smoking and thoracic aortic aneurysms, potentially guiding future preventative strategies.
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- Researchers developed a new method for creating porous starch (PS) with controllable pore sizes using ultrasound-ethanol precipitation and varying ratios of amylose and amylopectin.
- The study found that higher amylose content leads to smaller pore volume and diameter, indicating a negative correlation between amylose and pore size.
- Results demonstrate that ethanol evaporation and water migration during drying were key to forming these pores, and the novel PS shows stable thermodynamic properties, potentially aiding future PS research.
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- Resistant starch (RS) plays a crucial role in improving gut health and supporting metabolism, contributing to benefits like better glycemic control and weight loss.
- The study focuses on RS3 derived from pure starch and explores how different chain-length distributions (CLDs) can be manipulated through extrusion techniques at varying shear levels to achieve desired qualities.
- Results indicated that optimal conditions, specifically at an extrusion rate of 250 r/min, yielded the highest RS content, influenced by the balance of amylopectin and amylose in the starch structure.
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- 3D printing, particularly the coaxial method, shows promise in creating personalized nutritional foods, but stabilizing various functional ingredients is challenging.
- The study utilized starch nanoparticles (SNP) with soy protein (SPI) to enhance the stability of emulsions containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic bioactives like anthocyanin and curcumin.
- The results indicated that the SNP/SPI system improved the retention of bioactives and offered a stable, effective method for producing multifunctional foods, animal feeds, and potential drug delivery systems.
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- The study investigates how follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) influences postmenopausal osteoporosis through specific signaling pathways involving FSH receptors, G proteins, and heat shock proteins.
- Researchers measured hormone and protein levels in both humans and mice to examine the relationship between FSH, HSP90α, and bone metabolism, finding that menopausal women had lower HSP90α levels compared to those of childbearing age.
- The findings suggest that FSH enhances the secretion of HSP90α from fat cells, which in turn increases osteoclast activity and worsens osteoporosis, highlighting a potential mechanism for management in postmenopausal women.
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- Circoviruses, identified since 1974, cause diseases in humans and various animals, but their origins and transmission pathways are not well understood.
- This study utilized genome sequences from GenBank and advanced algorithms to analyze the evolution and origins of circovirus, revealing their evolutionary roots trace back to fish.
- Findings indicate humans, along with mosquitos and other animals, play a role in the virus's spread, and extensive genetic variation occurs through recombination events, helping inform prevention strategies against infections.
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- The study aimed to validate the PAX1 and JAM3 methylation test as a better tool for detecting severe cervical issues (CIN3 +) in patients who tested positive for HPV but were not infected with the high-risk types 16 or 18.
- Results from 1851 participants showed that the PAX1/JAM3 test had higher specificity and successfully detected all cases of cancer, significantly reducing the number of unnecessary referrals for further examination compared to traditional liquid-based cytology.
- Overall, the PAX1/JAM3 test outperformed the liquid-based cytology method in identifying CIN3 + cases, offering a more efficient approach without losing sensitivity in diagnosis.
The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 system, a groundbreaking innovation in genetic engineering, has revolutionized our approach to surmounting complex diseases, culminating in CASGEVY™ approved for sickle cell anemia. Derived from a microbial immune defense mechanism, CRISPR/Cas9, characterized as precision, maneuverability and universality in gene editing, has been harnessed as a versatile tool for precisely manipulating DNA in mammals. In the process of applying it to practice, the consecutive exploitation of novel orthologs and variants never ceases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: T-sheep and H-sheep exhibit different environmental adaptability and production performance. The rumen microbiome has co-evolved with hosts and plays a vital role in nutrient digestion and energy metabolism. In our previous study, we found that T-sheep have a higher efficiency in energy metabolism than H-sheep, but the rumen microbial community remains unclear.
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- * This study (COGITO) investigates the effectiveness of a combined exercise and cognitive training intervention in older adults with MCI using digital tools for remote monitoring and support.
- * A total of 160 participants will be randomly assigned to one of four groups for a 3-month program, focusing on different interventions, to assess improvements in cognitive function and overall health.
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- - PCV3 is associated with severe diseases in pigs, such as dermatitis and nephropathy syndromes, posing a threat to the swine industry globally.
- - RNF2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase found in the nucleus, interacts with the PCV3 Cap protein, facilitating its degradation through ubiquitination, which inhibits PCV3 replication.
- - The study highlights that RNF2's ability to degrade the PCV3 Cap is dependent on its E3 ligase activity and specific lysine residues (K139 and K140), shedding light on the complex interplay between viral replication and host protein regulation.
The environmental threat posed by stibnite is an important geoenvironmental issue of current concern. To better understand stibnite oxidation pathways, aerobic abiotic batch experiments were conducted in aqueous solution with varying δO value at initial neutral pH for different lengths of time (15-300 days). The sulfate oxygen and sulfur isotope compositions as well as concentrations of sulfur and antimony species were determined.
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