Speciation studies in the genomic era.

Since Darwin's era, speciation has been one of the most central issues in evolutionary biology studies. Understanding the processes of species origin is crucial in deepening our understanding of the formation of species biodiversity, which is essential for their protections. However, speciation research has been challenging due to the rather complex evolutionary histories of many extant species.

Pd(OAc)-Catalyzed Approach to Phenanthridin-6(5)-one Skeletons.

Herein, we present a Pd(OAc)/Dppp-catalyzed synthesis of 4-arylphenanthridinones from 2-bromobenzamides and iodobenzene, which undergoes successive Ullman cross-coupling, C-H activation, and oxidative coupling dehydrogenation process. The presented methods offer an adaptable and modular synthesis route for efficiently producing a wide array of valuable phenanthridiones, demonstrating exceptional compatibility with functional groups. Alternatively, a 1:1 cross-coupling reaction utilizing an intramolecular norbornene moiety as the ligand resulted in phenanthridinones through -arylation and C-H activation.

Pd(OAc)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2-]phenanthridines via a Sequential Ullmann Coupling and Oxidative Coupling Dehydrogenation.

The Ullmann coupling and oxidative coupling dehydrogenation reactions have occurred sequentially, catalyzed by Pd(OAc), which unexpectedly yielded fused imidazo[1,2-]phenanthridine derivatives in good to high yields. Structural analysis of the intermediate and final products indicated that the protocol did not include C-H and N-H arylation.

Advances in plant oxygen sensing: endogenous and exogenous mechanisms.

Oxygen is essential for the biochemical processes that sustain life in eukaryotic organisms. Although plants produce oxygen through photosynthesis, they often struggle to survive in low-oxygen environments, such as during flooding or submergence. To endure these conditions, they must reprogram their developmental and metabolic networks, and the adaptation process involves the continuous detection of both exogenous hypoxic signals and endogenous oxygen gradients.

Cellular crosstalk in the bone marrow niche.

The bone marrow niche is a special microenvironment that comprises elements, including hematopoietic stem cells, osteoblasts, and endothelial cells, and helps maintain their characteristic functions. Here, we elaborate on the crosstalk between various cellular components, hematopoietic stem cells, and other cells in the bone marrow niche. We further explain the mechanism of preserving equilibrium in the bone marrow niche, which is crucial for the directional regulation of bone reconstruction and repair.

Allelic variation in the promoter of WRKY22 enhances humid adaptation of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Submergence stress tolerance is a complex trait governed by multiple loci. Because of its wide distribution across arid and humid regions, Arabidopsis thaliana offers an opportunity to explore the genetic components and their action mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to submergence stress. In this study, using map-based cloning we identified WRKY22 that activates RAP2.

Porcine decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel attenuates neuroinflammation after peripheral nerve injury by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB axis.

Peripheral nerve injury causes severe neuroinflammation and has become a global medical challenge. Previous research has demonstrated that porcine decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel exhibits excellent biological properties and tissue specificity, highlighting its potential as a biomedical material for the repair of severe peripheral nerve injury; however, its role in modulating neuroinflammation post-peripheral nerve injury remains unknown. Here, we aimed to characterize the anti-inflammatory properties of porcine decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel and their underlying molecular mechanisms.

Geography, altitude, agriculture, and hypoxia.

Reduced oxygen availability (hypoxia) represents a key plant abiotic stress in natural and agricultural systems, but conversely it is also an important component of normal growth and development. We review recent advances that demonstrate how genetic adaptations associated with hypoxia impact the known plant oxygen-sensing mechanism through the PLANT CYSTEINE OXIDASE N-degron pathway. Only 3 protein substrates of this pathway have been identified, and all adaptations identified to date are associated with the most important of these, the group VII ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR transcription factors.

Pan-genome and phylogenomic analyses highlight Hevea species delineation and rubber trait evolution.

The para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is the world's sole commercial source of natural rubber, a vital industrial raw material. However, the narrow genetic diversity of this crop poses challenges for rubber breeding. Here, we generate high-quality de novo genome assemblies for three H.

Discovery of Novel Imidazo[1,2-]pyridine-Based HDAC6 Inhibitors as an Anticarcinogen with a Cardioprotective Effect.

Cardiotoxicity associated with chemotherapy has gradually become the major cause of death in cancer patients. The development of bifunctional drugs with both cardioprotective and antitumor effects has become the future direction. HDAC6 plays important roles in the progression, treatment, and prognosis of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, but bifunctional inhibitors have not been reported.

TMEM16 proteins: Ca‑activated chloride channels and phospholipid scramblases as potential drug targets (Review).

TMEM16 proteins, which function as Ca‑activated Cl channels are involved in regulating a wide variety of cellular pathways and functions. The modulators of Cl channels can be used for the molecule‑based treatment of respiratory diseases, cystic fibrosis, tumors, cancer, osteoporosis and coronavirus disease 2019. The TMEM16 proteins link Ca signaling, cellular electrical activity and lipid transport.

Arthroscopy-Assisted Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Internal Fixation for Medial Malleolus Fracture.

Background: Arthroscopy-assisted closed reduction and percutaneous internal fixation is a minimally invasive technique for medial malleolus fracture treatment. The purpose of the study was to assess the quality and functional outcomes of this technique.

Methods: Seventy-eight patients with combined medial malleolus fractures were treated with arthroscopy-assisted closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation technique.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of Helwingia omeiensis: the first genome in the family Helwingiaceae.

Helwingia, a shrub of the monotypic cosmopolitan family Helwingiaceae, is distinguished by its inflorescence, in which flowers are borne on the midrib of the leaf-a trait not commonly observed in related plant families. Previous studies have investigated the development of this unusual structure using comparative anatomical methods. However, the scarcity of genomic data has hindered our understanding of the origins and evolutionary history of this uncommon trait at the molecular level.

Efficient purging of deleterious mutations contributes to the survival of a rare conifer.

Cupressaceae is a conifer family rich in plants of horticultural importance, including , , , and , yet genomic surveys are lacking for this family. , one of the many rare conifers that are threatened by climate change and anthropogenic habitat fragmentation, plays an ever-increasing role in ecotourism in Tibet. To infer how past climate change has shaped the population evolution of this species, we generated a chromosome-scale genome (10.

Silver-Catalyzed Radical Umpolung Cross-Coupling of Silyl Enol Ethers with Activated Methylene Compounds: Access to Diverse Tricarbonyl Derivatives.

A silver-catalyzed protocol for the intermolecular radical umpolung cross-coupling protocol of silyl enol ethers with activated methylene compounds is disclosed. The protocol exhibits excellent functional group tolerance, enabling the expedient preparation of a variety of tricarbonyl compounds. Preliminary mechanistic investigations suggest that the reaction proceeds through a process involving free radicals in which silver oxide has a dual role, acting as both a catalyst and a base.

Comparative analysis of short-term efficacy between robot-assisted retrograde drilling and arthroscopic microfracture for osteochondral lesions of the talus.

Objective: To investigate the short-term clinical efficacy of robot-assisted retrograde drilling and arthroscopic microfracture for osteochondral lesions of the talus (OCLT).

Methods: This study was divided into two groups: experimental group: robot-assisted retrograde drilling group; control group: arthroscopic microfracture group. A total of 6 OCLT patients who were treated with robot navigation-assisted retrograde drilling and 10 OCLT patients who were treated with arthroscopic microfracture between October 2020 and October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.

Cryptic divergences and repeated hybridizations within the endangered "living fossil" dove tree () revealed by whole genome resequencing.

The identification and understanding of cryptic intraspecific evolutionary units (lineages) are crucial for planning effective conservation strategies aimed at preserving genetic diversity in endangered species. However, the factors driving the evolution and maintenance of these intraspecific lineages in most endangered species remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted resequencing of 77 individuals from 22 natural populations of , a "living fossil" dove tree endemic to central and southwest China.

Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylation Cross-Coupling Cascade Reaction for Synthesis of Fused Dihydro-benzoxazinones.

A protocol for a tandem copper-catalyzed intermolecular decarboxylation cross-coupling cascade between -bromobenzoic acids and proline or piperic acid has been disclosed. The developed protocol allows access to a variety of synthetically useful fused benzoxazinones scaffolds with high efficiency and good functional group compatibility. A mechanistically sequential approach for the decarboxylation and dehydration coupling process was presented.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of Pedicularis kansuensis illuminates genome evolution of facultative parasitic plant.

Parasitic plants have a heterotrophic lifestyle, in which they withdraw all or part of their nutrients from their host through the haustorium. Despite the release of many draft genomes of parasitic plants, the genome evolution related to the parasitism feature of facultative parasites remains largely unknown. In this study, we present a high-quality chromosomal-level genome assembly for the facultative parasite Pedicularis kansuensis (Orobanchaceae), which invades both legume and grass host species in degraded grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

General Approach to Amides through Decarboxylative Radical Cross-Coupling of Carboxylic Acids and Isocyanides.

Herein, we report a silver-catalyzed protocol for decarboxylative cross-coupling between carboxylic acids and isocyanides, leading to linear amide products through a free-radical mechanism. The disclosed approach provides a general entry to a variety of decorated amides, accommodating a diverse array of radical precursors, including aryl, heteroaryl, alkynyl, alkenyl, and alkyl carboxylic acids. Notably, the protocol proved to be efficient for decarboxylative late-stage functionalization of several elaborate pharmaceuticals, demonstrating its potential applications.

Subgenome-aware analyses reveal the genomic consequences of ancient allopolyploid hybridizations throughout the cotton family.

Malvaceae comprise some 4,225 species in 243 genera and nine subfamilies and include economically important species, such as cacao, cotton, durian, and jute, with cotton an important model system for studying the domestication of polyploids. Here, we use chromosome-level genome assemblies from representatives of five or six subfamilies (depending on the placement of ) to differentiate coexisting subgenomes and their evolution during the family's deep history. The results reveal that the allohexaploid Helicteroideae partially derive from an allotetraploid Sterculioideae and also form a component of the allodecaploid Bombacoideae and Malvoideae.