Mangrove wetland recovery enhances soil carbon sequestration capacity of soil aggregates and microbial network stability in southeastern China.

Mangrove wetlands are highly productive ecosystems in tropical and subtropical coastal zones, play crucial roles in water purification, biodiversity maintenance, and carbon sequestration. Recent years have seen the implementation of pond return initiatives, which have facilitated the gradual recovery of mangrove areas in China. However, the implications of these initiatives for soil aggregate stability, microbial community structure, and network interactions remain unclear.

Microbiome-mediated alleviation of tobacco replant problem via autotoxin degradation after long-term continuous cropping.

Continuous cropping often results in severe "replant problem," across various crops due to the autotoxins accumulation, soil acidification, pathogens proliferation, and microbial dysfunction. We unveiled a groundbreaking phenomenon that long-term continuous cropping (LTCC) can alleviate the tobacco replant problem. This mitigation occurs through the enrichment of autotoxin-degrading microbes, and the transformative impact is evident with even a modest application (10%) of LTCC soil to short-term continuous cropping (STCC) soil.

Semaglutide combined with empagliflozin vs. monotherapy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes: Study protocol for a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Lifestyle intervention remains a preferred treatment modality for NAFLD. The glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have been developed as new glucose-lowering drugs, which can improve fatty liver via an insulin-independent glucose-lowering effect.

Adaptive liquid lens with a tunable field of view.

In this paper, we demonstrate an adaptive liquid lens with a tunable field of view (FOV). The proposed liquid lens consists of an actuator and a lens chamber, the annular sheet is just placed on the liquid-liquid (L-L) interface in order to change the curvature and steer the tilt angle of the interface. Different from the conventional FOV adjustable lens combined with a liquid lens and a liquid prism, the proposed lens requires only one L-L interface to achieve the focal length change and FOV deflection.

Homogeneous selection is stronger for fungi in deeper peat than in shallow peat in the low-temperature fens of China.

Peatlands have accumulated enormous amounts of carbon over millennia, and climate changes threatens the release of this carbon into the atmosphere. Fungi are crucial drivers of global carbon cycling because they are the principal decomposer of organic matter in peatlands. However, the fungal community composition and ecological preferences in peat remain unclear, which restricts our ability to evaluate the role of the fungal community in peat biogeochemical functions.

Visceral Adipose Tissue Indices Independently Correlated with Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Aims: We aimed to explore whether visceral adiposity indices were significantly associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients.

Methods: 100 patients with T2DM who underwent overnight polysomnography were analyzed in this study. Anthropometric data, lipid profiles, and glycemic parameters were recorded.

Methane emissions respond to soil temperature in convergent patterns but divergent sensitivities across wetlands along altitude.

Among the global coordinated patterns in soil temperature and methane emission from wetlands, a declining trend of optimal soil temperature for methane emissions from low to high latitudes has been witnessed, while the corresponding trend along the altitudinal gradient has not yet been investigated. We therefore selected two natural wetlands located at contrasting climatic zones from foothill and mountainside of Nepal Himalayas, to test: (1) whether the optimal temperature for methane emissions decreases from low to high altitude, and (2) whether there is a difference in temperature sensitivity of methane emissions from those wetlands. We found significant spatial and temporal variation of methane emissions between the two wetlands and seasons.

A novel compound heterozygous mutation of SLC12A3 gene in a pedigree with Gitelman syndrome and literature review.

Background: Gitelman syndrome (GS) is a tubulopathy characterized by hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria and metabolic alkalosis, which is caused by mutations in SLC12A3 gene.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the mutation of SLC12A3 gene in a pedigree with GS and analyzed the clinical manifestations.

Methods: Next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to explore the mutations of SLC12A3 gene in a GS pedigree that included a 59-year-old male GS patient and a total of 11 family members within three generations.

[Research advances in ham microorganisms].

Microbial communities of fermented foods have provided a tool for humans to preserve and develop flavor for long history. And they can also provide opportunities to study microbial community formation because of their reproducible and easy-to-manipulate feature. Dry-cured ham is one of the traditional fermented products.

Living strategy of cold-adapted fungi with the reference to several representative species.

Our planet is dominant with cold environments that harbour enormously diverse cold-adapted fungi comprising representatives of all phyla. Investigation based on culture-dependent and independent methods has demonstrated that cold-adapted fungi are cosmopolitan and occur in diverse habitants and substrates. They live as saprobes, symbionts, plant and animal parasites and pathogens to perform crucial functions in different ecosystems.

Bacterial community assemblages in the rhizosphere soil, root endosphere and cyst of soybean cyst nematode-suppressive soil challenged with nematodes.

In disease-suppressive soil, plants rely upon mutualistic associations between roots and specific microbes for nutrient acquisition and disease suppression. Notably, the transmission of suppressiveness by the cysts of sugar beet cyst nematode from suppressive to conducive soils has been previously observed in greenhouse trials. However, our current understanding of the bacterial assemblages in the cyst, root endosphere and rhizosphere soil is still limited.

Environmental factors driving fungal distribution in freshwater lake sediments across the Headwater Region of the Yellow River, China.

Dispersal limitation and environmental filtering are two primary processes involved in shaping microbial community structure. The pristine environmental and geographical relatively isolation of small lakes distributed in the Headwater Region of Yellow River (HRYR) offer a unique opportunity to test the relative roles of these two processes on fungal communities. Here, we investigated the fungal community in sediment samples from 10 lakes located in the HRYR using high-throughput sequencing.

Ecological Succession Pattern of Fungal Community in Soil along a Retreating Glacier.

Accelerated by global climate changing, retreating glaciers leave behind soil chronosequences of primary succession. Current knowledge of primary succession is mainly from studies of vegetation dynamics, whereas information about belowground microbes remains unclear. Here, we combined shifts in community assembly processes with microbial primary succession to better understand mechanisms governing the stochastic/deterministic balance.

CHIP promotes thyroid cancer proliferation via activation of the MAPK and AKT pathways.

The carboxyl terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) is a U box-type ubiquitin ligase that plays crucial roles in various biological processes, including tumor progression. To date, the functional mechanism of CHIP in thyroid cancer remains unknown. Here, we obtained evidence of upregulation of CHIP in thyroid cancer tissues and cell lines.

miR-486-5p inhibits cell growth of papillary thyroid carcinoma by targeting fibrillin-1.

Previous studies have demonstrated that miR-486-5p functions as a tumor suppressor or oncogene in various types of cancer. In the present study, we showed that miR-486-5p was significantly down-regulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tissues and cell lines, whereas miR-486-5p down-regulation inhibited PTC cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. Conversely, under-expression of miR-486-5p enhanced PTC cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis.

Pullulanibacillus pueri sp. nov., isolated from Pu'er tea.

A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3(T) was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.

Farming of a defensive fungal mutualist by an attelabid weevil.

The mutualism between fungus-growing animals and fungi is a classic example of a complex interspecies association. A handful of insects, notably the well-recognized fungus-farming ants, termites and beetles, have developed advanced agriculture, which includes seeding new gardens with crop propagules, improving growth conditions and protecting and harvesting the fungal crop. More examples, which could be called 'proto-fungiculture', involve fewer adaptations, as exemplified by marine snails that farm intertidal fungi on marsh grass.

Effect of Soybean Monoculture on the Bacterial Communities Associated with Cysts of Heterodera glycines.

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, can cause significant reductions in soybean yield and quality in many parts of the world. Natural biological control may play an important role in regulating SCN population. In this study the bacterial communities associated with SCN cysts obtained from fields under different lengths of soybean monoculture were explored.

Bacterial and fungal communities in Pu'er tea samples of different ages.

Pu'er is a major kind of postfermented tea and is made with a "large leaf" variety of Camellia sinensis (C. sinensis assamica), whose distribution is limited to the mountains of southern Yunnan, China. The quality of Pu'er tea is believed to increase with storage (aging, maturing) because of postfermentation by microbes.

The impacts of climate change and human activities on biogeochemical cycles on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

With a pace of about twice the observed rate of global warming, the temperature on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (Earth's 'third pole') has increased by 0.2 °C per decade over the past 50 years, which results in significant permafrost thawing and glacier retreat. Our review suggested that warming enhanced net primary production and soil respiration, decreased methane (CH(4)) emissions from wetlands and increased CH(4) consumption of meadows, but might increase CH(4) emissions from lakes.

The biogeography of fungal communities in wetland sediments along the Changjiang River and other sites in China.

Whether fungal community structure depends more on historical factors or on contemporary factors is controversial. This study used culture-dependent and -independent (polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE)) methods to assess the influence of historical and contemporary factors on the distributions of fungi in the wetland sediments at 10 locations along the Changjiang River and at 10 other locations in China. The culture-dependent approach detected greater species diversity (177 operational taxonomic units (OTUs)) than PCR-DGGE analysis (145 OTUs), and the species in the genera of Penicillium (relative frequency=16.

[Diversity of bacteria isolated from cysts Heterodera glycines in Heilongjiang].

Objective: To understand the bacterial diversity isolated from the cysts of Heterodera glycines in the soybean field in Heilongjiang Province.

Methods: Bacteria were isolated from cysts on nutrient agar plates using dilution plate method and further identified by phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA gene sequences.

Results: Totally 90 bacteria strains with different colony morphology were selected on nutrient agar plate and their phylogenetic features were analyzed based on the partial 16S rDNA sequences.

How carnivorous fungi use three-celled constricting rings to trap nematodes.

Predacious fungi form specialized hyphae structures to trap nematodes and other microscopic animals. Among the six kinds of trapping devices, the constricting ring is the only one that actively captures nematodes. When a nematode enters the aperture of the ring, which is formed by three cells, the cells rapidly triple their volume, close the aperture and hold the nematode in place.