Cyclophilin 37 maintains electron transport via the cytochrome b6/f complex under high light in Arabidopsis.

Plants have evolved multiple mechanisms to cope with diverse types of light stress, particularly the regulation of the electron transport chain (ETC). Under high light (HL) conditions, the balance of electron flux in the ETC is disturbed, which leads to the overaccumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and results in photodamage and photoinhibition. The cytochrome (Cyt) b6/f complex, which coordinates electron transfer between photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII), plays an essential role in regulating the ETC and initiating photoprotection.

Coupling Ruthenium Bipyridyl and Cobalt Imidazolate Units in a Metal-Organic Framework for an Efficient Photosynthetic Overall Reaction in Diluted CO.

Artificial photocatalytic CO reduction, using water as the reductant, is challenging mainly because it is difficult for multiple functional units to cooperate efficiently. Here, we show that the classic photosensitive and HO-oxidizing ruthenium bipyridyl units and CO-reducing cobalt imidazolate units can be incorporated into a metal-organic framework using a classic organic ligand, imidazo[4,5-][1,10]phenanthroline. Under visible light without additional sacrificial agents and photosensitizers, the overall conversion of CO and HO to CO and O was achieved by the multifunctional photocatalyst in the CHCN/HO mixed solvent with a high CO production rate of 11.

Sphingobacterium bovistauri sp. nov., Isolated from the Faeces of Bos Taurus.

A novel bacterium designated WQ 366 was isolated from the faeces of Bos taurus, foraging on the slopes of the Baima Snow Mountain in Yunnan, China. The isolate grew optimally at 30 ℃ and pH 7.0-8.

Morphogene-assisted transformation of Sorghum bicolor allows more efficient genome editing.

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, the fifth most important cereal worldwide, is a multi-use crop for feed, food, forage and fuel. To enhance the sorghum and other important crop plants, establishing gene function is essential for their improvement.

sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from the faeces of .

A novel Gram-stain-negative strain, WQ 117, isolated from the faeces of collected at Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey National Park, Yunnan province, PR China, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate represented a member of the genus , sharing 97.64 % sequence similarity with the type strain YIM 102668.

Sphingobacterium rhinopitheci sp. Nov., isolated from the faeces of Rhinopithecus bieti in China.

A novel bacterium, WQ 047, was isolated from the faeces of Rhinopithecus bieti, a highly endangered primate endemic to China. The cells were aerobic, oval/rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, catalase positive, and produced yellow pigmented colonies on Columbia Agar. The taxonomic position of WQ 047 was clarified by applying a polyphasic study based on 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic analysis, extensive biological typing, and whole genome sequencing.

Electrolyte Membranes with Biomimetic Lithium-Ion Channels.

High-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) demand efficient and selective transport of lithium ions. Inspired by ion channels in biology systems, lithium-ion channels are constructed by chemically modifying the nanoporous channels of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with negatively charged sulfonate groups. Analogous to the biological ion channels, such pendant anionic moieties repel free anions while allowing efficient transport of cations through the pore channels.

Value of multi-slice spiral computed tomography for diagnosis of tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration in children: 5-year retrospective study.

Background: Tracheobronchial foreign body (TFB) aspiration is a significant cause of respiratory problems in children. The timely diagnosis of TFB is important to decrease the mortality rate and the incidence of complications. Advances in radiology have led multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) to become the best technique for diagnosing TFB.

OsTMF attenuates cold tolerance by affecting cell wall properties in rice.

Plant cell wall composition and structure can be modified as plants adapt to environmental stresses; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report that OsTMF, a homologue of the human TATA modulatory factor (TMF) in rice (Oryza sativa) and highly conserved in plants, negatively regulates cold tolerance through modification of cell wall properties. Cold stress increased the expression of OsTMF and accumulation of OsTMF in the nucleus, where OsTMF acts as a transcription activator and modulates the expression of genes involved in pectin degradation (OsBURP16), cellulose biosynthesis (OsCesA4 and OsCesA9), and cell wall structural maintenance (genes encoding proline-rich proteins and peroxidases).

An exceptionally stable octacobalt-cluster-based metal-organic framework for enhanced water oxidation catalysis.

Extensive efforts have been devoted to developing efficient and durable catalysts for water oxidation. Herein, we report a highly stable metal-organic framework that shows high catalytic activity and durability for electrically driven (an overpotential of 430 mV at 10 mA cm in neutral aqueous solution) and photodriven (a turnover frequency of 16 s and 12 000 cycles) water oxidation, representing the best catalyst for water oxidation reported to date. Computational simulation and isotope tracing experiments showed that the μ-OH group of the {Co(μ-OH)} unit participates in the water oxidation reaction to offer an oxygen vacancy site with near-optimal OH adsorption energy.

Genome-Wide Identification of SNAC1-Targeted Genes Involved in Drought Response in Rice.

Drought stress can cause huge crop production losses. Drought resistance consists of complex traits, and is regulated by arrays of unclear networks at the molecular level. A stress-responsive NAC transcription factor gene has been reported for its function in the positive regulation of drought resistance in rice, and several downstream SNAC1 targets have been identified.

Anion-Sorbent Composite Separators for High-Rate Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Novel composite separators containing metal-organic-framework (MOF) particles and poly(vinyl alcohol) are fabricated by the electrospinning process. The MOF particles containing opened metal sites can spontaneously adsorb anions while allowing effective transport of lithium ions in the electrolyte, leading to dramatically improved lithium-ion transference number t (up to 0.79) and lithium-ion conductivity.

Reversible Histone H2B Monoubiquitination Fine-Tunes Abscisic Acid Signaling and Drought Response in Rice.

Histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub1) plays important roles in several physiological and developmental processes, but its roles in the regulation of plant stress responses remain elusive. Here, we report that H2Bub1 is crucially involved in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and drought response in rice. We found that rice HISTONE MONOUBIQUITINATION2 (OsHUB2), an E3 ligase for H2Bub1, interacted with OsbZIP46, a key transcription factor regulating ABA signaling and drought response in rice.

Abnormal nonlinear optical properties of hybrid graphene-TiO nanostructures.

The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of graphene-TiO nanoparticle (GNP) composite and graphene-TiO nanowire composite (GNW) are investigated by spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) and Z-scan. The SSPM results of the GNP and GNW show that they possess strong self-diffraction effects at 1100 nm and no signal at 700 nm, which is different from all previous reports of other two-dimensional materials. A possible mechanism is that NLO behaviors are dominated by TiO at the visible wavelength, while by graphene at a near-infrared wavelength.

Hydroxide Ligands Cooperate with Catalytic Centers in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Efficient Photocatalytic CO Reduction.

Converting CO into fuels via photochemical reactions relies on highly efficient and selective catalysts. We demonstrate that the catalytic active metal center can cooperate with neighboring hydroxide ligands to boost the photocatalytic CO reduction. Six cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with different coordination environments are studied at the same reaction condition (photosensitizer, electron donor, water/organic mixed solvent, and visible light).

Anticarcinogenic effect of Umbelliferone in human prostate carcinoma: An in vitro study.

Purpose: To explore the chemoprotective effect of umbelliferone (UF) on prostate cancer cell lines, i.e. primary stage (LnCap) and last stage (PC3) prostate cancer together with the effect on the induction of apoptosis and alteration on cell cycle arrest.

Translational repression by a miniature inverted-repeat transposable element in the 3' untranslated region.

Transposable elements constitute a substantial portion of eukaryotic genomes and contribute to genomic variation, function, and evolution. Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs), as DNA transposons, are widely distributed in plant and animal genomes. Previous studies have suggested that retrotransposons act as translational regulators; however, it remains unknown how host mRNAs are influenced by DNA transposons.

Suppressor of rid1 (SID1) shares common targets with RID1 on florigen genes to initiate floral transition in rice.

The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is a critical process in the life cycle of higher plants. Previously, we cloned Rice Indeterminate 1 (RID1), which acts as the master switch for the transition from the vegetative to reproductive phase in rice. Although the photoperiod pathway of RID1 inducing expression of the florigen genes Hd3a and RFT1 via Ehd1 has been established, the alternative pathways for the essential flowering transition need to be further examined.

Status and Determinants of Motor Impairment in Preschool Children from Migrant Families in China.

Background: Although poor health conditions and decreased developmental levels have been investigated in migrant children, no study in China has focused on these children's individual motor development.

Objectives: This study aims to explore the prevalence of motor impairment in Chinese migrant children and to determine the contributory factors.

Patients And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a structured questionnaire was administered to primary caregivers of preschool children aged 3 - 6 (n = 2,976) in ten kindergartens from two districts of Suzhou, China, to assess the children's home socioeconomic status and motor environment, that is, the presence of affordances for motor development.

Modular and Stepwise Synthesis of a Hybrid Metal-Organic Framework for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution.

The paddle-wheel type cluster Co(RCOO)(L) (R = substituent group, L = terminal ligand), possessing unusual metal coordination geometry compared with other cobalt compounds, may display high catalytic activity but is highly unstable especially in water. Here, we show that with judicious considerations of the host/guest geometries and modular synthetic strategies, the labile dicobalt clusters can be immobilized and stabilized in a metal-organic framework (MOF) as coordinative guests. The Fe(na)(L) fragment in the MOF [{Fe(μ-O)(bdc)}{Fe(na)(L)}] (Hbdc = 1,4-benzenedicaboxylic acid, Hna = nicotinic acid) can be removed to give [{Fe(μ-O)(bdc)}] with a unique framework connectivity possessing suitable distribution of open metal sites for binding the dicobalt cluster in the form of Co(na)(L).

PMS1T, producing phased small-interfering RNAs, regulates photoperiod-sensitive male sterility in rice.

Phased small-interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) are a special class of small RNAs, which are generated in 21- or 24-nt intervals from transcripts of precursor RNAs. Although phasiRNAs have been found in a range of organisms, their biological functions in plants have yet to be uncovered. Here we show that phasiRNAs generated by the photopheriod-sensetive genic male sterility 1 (Pms1) locus were associated with photoperiod-sensitive male sterility (PSMS) in rice, a germplasm that started the two-line hybrid rice breeding.

Ghd2, a CONSTANS-like gene, confers drought sensitivity through regulation of senescence in rice.

CONSTANS (CO)-like genes have been intensively investigated for their roles in the regulation of photoperiodic flowering, but very limited information has been reported on their functions in other biological processes. Here, we found that a CO-like gene, Ghd2 (Grain number, plant height, and heading date2), which can increase the yield potential under normal growth condition just like its homologue Ghd7, is involved in the regulation of leaf senescence and drought resistance. Ghd2 is expressed mainly in the rice (Oryza sativa) leaf with the highest level detected at the grain-filling stage, and it is down-regulated by drought stress conditions.

Synthesis and stabilization of a hypothetical porous framework based on a classic flexible metal carboxylate cluster.

By using pyridyl derivatives 4-cyanopyridine (4-pyCN) or nicotinate (na(-)) as terminal ligands (L(T)) to decorate the flexible trigonal-prismatic trinuclear metal carboxylate M3(μ3-O/μ3-OH)(RCOO)6(L(T))3 clusters, a theoretically predicted uninodal 6-connected flu-e network for [M3(μ3-O/μ3-OH)(bdc)3(L(T))3] (H2bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid) has been realized in three new porous coordination frameworks. The flu-e topology is isomeric to the uninodal 6-connected acs (MIL-88) and tetranodal 6-connected mtn-e (MIL-101) ones observed in the classic metal carboxylate framework materials, but comprises of unique cubic cages which require exceptional conformation for the trinuclear clusters. The weak coordinating 4-pyCN terminal ligands tend to leave the clusters during thermal activation, leading to framework distortion and reduction of the long-range order of the flu-e network, which can only be restored by 4-pyCN instead of other guest molecules.

Polyoxoniobate-based 3D framework materials with photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity.

Two phosphoniobate-based 3D frameworks were firstly constructed using the hexa-capped Keggin polyoxoniobates [PNb12O40(VO)6](3-) and copper cations. Photocatalytic studies indicated that the hybrid materials exhibit photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity.