Hydraulic mechanism of limiting growth and maintaining survival of desert shrubs in arid habitats.

The growth and survival of woody plant species is mainly driven by evolutionary and environmental factors. However, little is known about the hydraulic mechanisms that respond to growth limitation and enable desert shrub survival in arid habitats. To shed light on these hydraulic mechanisms, 9-, 31-, and 56-yr-old Caragana korshinskii plants that had been grown under different soil water conditions at the southeast edge of the Tengger Desert, Ningxia, China, were used in this study.

Hydraulic trade-off and coordination strategies mediated by leaf functional traits of desert shrubs.

Desert shrubs play important roles in desertification control and vegetation restoration, which are particularly affected by droughts caused by climate change. However, the hydraulic strategies associated with hydraulic functional traits of desert shrubs remain unclear. Here, eight desert shrub species with different life forms and morphologies were selected for a common garden experiment at the southeast edge of the Tengger Desert in northern China to study the hydraulic strategies mediated by leaf hydraulic functional traits.

Multistep Fractionation of Coal and Application for Graphene Synthesis.

Despite its complex structure, coal has shown to be a promising precursor for graphene synthesis by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). However, the presence of heteroatoms and aliphatic chains in coal can lead to defects in the graphene lattice, preventing the formation of pristine graphene layers. Therefore, the goal of this study was to formulate a multistep coal fractionation scheme to extract and characterize the most aromatic fractions and explore their potential as graphene precursors.

More sensitive to drought of young tissues with weak water potential adjustment capacity in two desert shrubs.

Water is the main limiting factor for survival and growth for desert plants, and plants can alleviate water deficits under drought by adjusting water potential (Ψ). However, the water potential adjustment capacity and water-sensitivity at the tissue level among shrub species remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate water potential adjustment capacity and water-sensitivity of different tissues in Artemisia ordosica and Caragana korshinskii through calculating the water relation parameters from pressure-volume (P-V) curves.

Hydrogen sulfide: Roles in plant abiotic stress response and crosstalk with other signals.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) has been recently recognized as an endogenous gas transmitter alongside nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. Exposure of plants to HS, for example through applicating HS donors, reveals that HS play important roles in plant response to abiotic stresses such as heavy metals, salinity, drought and extreme temperatures. Sodium hydrosulfide is the most widely used donor in plants due to its direct and instantaneous release of HS, followed by GYY4137.

Three New Metal Complexes with Imidazole-Containing Tripodal Ligands as Fluorophores for Nitroaromatics- and Ion-Selective Sensing.

Three new metal-organic complexes [Cd(TIPA)(suc)(NO)·1/2HO] (), [Ni(TIPA)(tda)(HO)·1/4HO] () and [Cd(TIPA)(tda)·11/2HO] () were synthesized via rigid tripodal ligand tris(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)amine (TIPA) and three dicarboxylic acids; either succinic acid (Hsuc) or 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid (Htda). Crystallographic data for - reveal three-dimensional (3D) networks and channels in the structures. The structure of is unique featuring an interpenetrating 2D network, 2D + 2D → 3D, with the two associated 2D networks existing in two opposite spiral channels.

Crystalline Covalent Organic Frameworks from Triazine Nodes as Porous Adsorbents for Dye Pollutants.

The development of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with nodes and spacers, designed to maximize their functional properties, is a challenge. Triazines exhibit better electron affinity than benzene-based aromatic rings; therefore, structures based on 1,3,5-substituted triazine-centered nodes are more stable than those from 1,3,5-benzene-linked COFs. Compared to COFs prepared from flat, rigid sp carbon-linked triazine nodes, the O-linked flexible tripodal triazine-based COF demonstrates several unpredictable properties such as an increase in crystallinity and cavity size.

Hydrogen gas alleviates postharvest senescence of cut rose 'Movie star' by antagonizing ethylene.

H prolonged the vase life and improved the vase quality of cut roses through repressing endogenous ethylene production and alleviating ethylene signal transduction during the entire senescing period. Recently, the application of hydrogen gas (H) was shown to improve postharvest quality and longevity in perishable horticultural products, but the specific regulation mechanism remains obscure. Here, endogenous ethylene production and the expression of genes in ethylene biosynthesis and signalling pathway were investigated to explore the crosstalk between H and ethylene during the senescence of cut roses.

Mechanistic investigation of photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes by a novel zinc coordination polymer.

A new coordination polymer {[Zn(TIPA)(seb)](NO)·3.5HO} (1) (TIPA = tris(4-(1-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)amine, seb = sebacic acid) is prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 has a three-dimensional (3D) 2-fold interpenetrating diamondoid network, and can be represented by the Schläfli symbol {3·4·5·6·7}.

Hydrogen gas formation from the photolysis of rhenium hydrides - mechanistic and computational studies.

The photolysis of 4,4'-disubstituted, 2,2'-bipyridine fac-Re(bpy)(CO)H derivatives produces stoichiometric H gas. The rate of production varies greatly depending on the electronic nature of the disubstituted bipyridine (bpy) with halogenated substituents increasing the rate. Isotope labeling studies along with B3LYP geometry optimization DFT modeling studies indicate a mechanism involving a Re-H-Re bridging complex that leads to a dimeric Re-Re(η-H) state prior to dissociating H gas.

Hydrogen gas promotes the adventitious rooting in cucumber under cadmium stress.

Hydrogen gas (H2) plays an important role in plant development and stress responses. Here, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) explants were used to investigate the roles of H2 in adventitious root development under cadmium (Cd) stress and its physiological mechanism.

Protein S-nitrosylation in programmed cell death in plants.

Programmed cell death (PCD) is associated with different phases of plant life and provides resistance to different kinds of biotic or abiotic stress. The redox molecule nitric oxide (NO) is usually produced during the stress response and exerts dual effects on PCD regulation. S-nitrosylation, which NO attaches to the cysteine thiol of proteins, is a vital posttranslational modification and is considered as an essential way for NO to regulate cellular redox signaling.

Recent Progress in Protein S-Nitrosylation in Phytohormone Signaling.

The free radical nitric oxide (NO) is a critical regulator in modulation of wide range of growth and developmental processes as well as environmental responses in plants. In most cases, NO interacts with plant hormones to regulate these processes. It is clear that NO might work through either transcriptional or post-translational level.

Comparative Proteomic Analysis during the Involvement of Nitric Oxide in Hydrogen Gas-Improved Postharvest Freshness in Cut Lilies.

Our previous studies suggested that both hydrogen gas (H₂) and nitric oxide (NO) could enhance the postharvest freshness of cut flowers. However, the crosstalk of H₂ and NO during that process is unknown. Here, cut lilies ( "Manissa") were used to investigate the relationship between H₂ and NO and to identify differentially accumulated proteins during postharvest freshness.

Involvement of Calcium and Calmodulin in Nitric Oxide-Regulated Senescence of Cut Lily Flowers.

Both nitric oxide (NO) and calcium ion (Ca)/calmodulin (CaM) have been shown to regulate the senescence of cut flowers. However, not much is known about the crosstalk between NO and Ca/CaM during the senescence of cut flowers. In this study, cut Oriental × Trumpet hybrid lily "Manissa" were used to investigate the roles and relationship between NO and Ca/CaM during postharvest freshness.

Hydrogen Sulfide: A Gaseous Molecule in Postharvest Freshness.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS), as a signaling molecule, is involved in the regulation of growth and development in plants. Recent studies have indicated that HS also plays important roles in regulating postharvest senescence of horticultural products. The focus of this review is to summarize the synthesis of HS in plants and its potential roles in alleviating the senescence of cut flowers, fruits, and vegetables during postharvest storage.

Electrochemical determination of nitrite and iodate based on Pt nanoparticles self-assembled on a chitosan modified glassy carbon electrode.

A promising electrochemical sensor was fabricated by the self-assembling of Pt nanoparticles (nano-Pts) on a chitosan (CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). A field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical techniques were used for characterization of these composites. It has been found that nano-Pts are inserted into the CS layer uniformly, and have a larger surface area compared to the chitosan modified glassy carbon electrode.

Facile synthesis and platinum complexes of 4',5,5''-trisubstituted-2,2':6',2''-terpyridines.

The synthesis of trisubstituted 4',5,5'' terpyridines is described. The strategy begins with synthesis of 2-acetyl-5-bromopyridine (3) from 2,5-dibromopyridine, substitution of the bromine in 3 using a variety of metal-catalyzed reactions and then formation of the terpyridine using the Krohnke reaction. The complexes have been prepared by reaction of [Pt(PhCN)(2)Cl(2)] with the appropriate silver salt followed by addition of the terpyridyl ligand.