Integrating multi-omics data to reveal the host-microbiota interactome in inflammatory bowel disease.

Numerous studies have accelerated the knowledge expansion on the role of gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the precise mechanisms behind host-microbe cross-talk remain largely undefined, due to the complexity of the human intestinal ecosystem and multiple external factors. In this review, we introduce the concept to systematically summarize how intestinal dysbiosis is involved in IBD pathogenesis in terms of microbial composition, functionality, genomic structure, transcriptional activity, and downstream proteins and metabolites.

Patterns and outcomes of early and late recurrence after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma with microvascular invasion: a multicenter study in China.

Background: A few studies focus on the long-term outcomes and surveillance strategies for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and microvascular invasion (MVI) who experience postoperative recurrence. The aim of this study was to explore the patterns and prognosis of early and late recurrence (ER and LR) after hepatectomy of such patients.

Methods: Consecutive patients with HCC and MVI after hepatectomy from 26 centers in China from 2009 to 2020 were included.

High-altitude pulmonary hypertension: a comprehensive review of mechanisms and management.

High-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH) is characterized by an increase in pulmonary artery pressure due to prolonged exposure to hypoxic environment at high altitudes. The development of HAPH involves various factors such as pressure changes, inflammation, oxidative stress, gene regulation, and signal transduction. The pathophysiological mechanisms of this condition operate at molecular, cellular, and genetic levels.

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Human Metapneumovirus-Associated Acute Respiratory Tract Infection Cases in the Pudong New Area, Shanghai, from 2014 to 2023.

Background: This study characterized Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infection epidemiology and clinical features in patients with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China, compared by pre- and post-COVID-19 periods.

Methods: Between January 2014 and December 2023, the basic and clinical information, as well as respiratory tract specimens from ARIs, were collected at 14 sentinel hospitals in Shanghai Pudong. Specimens were tested for HMPV and other respiratory pathogens.

Interleukin-33 Knockout Promotes High Mobility Group Box 1 Release from Astrocytes by Acetylation Mediated by P300/CBP-Associated Factor in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), when released extracellularly, plays a pivotal role in the development of spinal cord synapses and exacerbates autoimmune diseases within the central nervous system. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a condition that models multiple sclerosis, the levels of extracellular HMGB1 and interleukin-33 (IL-33) have been found to be inversely correlated. However, the mechanism by which IL-33 deficiency enhances HMGB1 release during EAE remains elusive.

Clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of nivolumab induced immune encephalitis.

Immune encephalitis (IE) is an immune-mediated adverse events (irAEs) linked to nivolumab therapy, and its clinical characteristics remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze the clinical patterns of nivolumab-induced IE to inform diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies. We conducted a retrospective analysis of nivolumab-induced IE by reviewing case reports from the database until October 31, 2024.

Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic decompression versus posterior short-segment fusion for treating degenerative lumbar scoliosis with lumbar spinal stenosis: a cohort study with a minimum five year followup.

Purpose: This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic decompression (PTED) with those of posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) for the treatment of degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).

Methods: In this study, 143 DLS patients who met the inclusion criteria from January 2016 to March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into the PTED and PLIF groups. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to adjust for imbalanced confounding variables between the groups.

Global dynamics of a fractional order SIRS epidemic model by the way of generalized continuous time random walk.

In this paper, we propose a novel fractional-order SIRS (frSIRS) model incorporating infection forces under intervention strategies, developed through the framework of generalized continuous-time random walks. The model is first transformed into a system of Volterra integral equations to identify the disease-free equilibrium (DFE) state and the endemic equilibrium (EE) state. Additionally, we introduce a new method for calculating the basic reproduction number .

A Nd-Yb ratiometric luminescent nanothermometer for assessing thermal resistance discrepancies between A549 and BEAS-2B cells to achieve selective hyperthermia.

Temperature is a crucial physical parameter in living organisms, directly associated with cellular activities. Elevated temperatures induce cell death, thereby establishing hyperthermia as a viable modality for cancer therapy. The demand for determining appropriate cancer types for hyperthermia lies in identifying cancer cells that exhibit poorer heat tolerance compared to normal cells.

Hydrocephalus Renders Ventricular or Subarachnoid Drainage as an Efficacies Cure for Decompressive Craniectomy-Induced Subdural Effusion After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with decompressive craniectomy (DC) frequently accompany the complication of secondary subdural effusion (SDE). In cases where cranioplasty is contraindicated, there are no clear-cut guidelines on surgical approaches for managing subdural effusion resulting from DC. Therefore, the authors conducted this study to compare different surgical procedures for patients with SDE in the context of contraindications for cranioplasty.

Harnessing Computational Strategies to Overcome Challenges in mRNA Vaccines.

In recent years, the introduction of mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV2 and RSV has highlighted the success of the mRNA technology platform. Designing mRNA sequences involves multiple components and requires balancing several parameters, including enhancing transcriptional efficiency, boosting antigenicity, and minimizing immunogenicity. Moreover, changes in the composition and properties of delivery vehicles can also affect vaccine performance.

Phototherapeutic activity of polypyridyl ruthenium(II) complexes through synergistic action of nitric oxide and singlet oxygen.

In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and gas therapy (GT) have emerged as research hotspots due to their excellent cancer treatment efficacy. By combining the advantages of both, the simultaneous and controllable release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) has become a possibility. This paper describes the design of two Ru(II) complexes, [Ru(bpy)(NFIP)](PF) (Ru1, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, NFIP = 4-nitro-3-trifluoromethylaniline-1-imidazo[4,5-][1,10]phenanthroline) and [Ru(phen)(NFIP)](PF) (Ru2, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), through the integration of the polypyridyl ruthenium structure and a photoresponsive NO donor.

Sphingosine-mediated death of involves degradation of cardiolipin by the maintenance of outer lipid asymmetry system.

Respiratory infections with multiresistant are a major clinical problem, affecting mainly patients with pre-existing lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but also immunocompromised or elderly patients. We have previously shown that sphingosine, which is abundantly present on epithelial cells of the respiratory tract in healthy humans and wild-type mice, but almost undetectable on the surface of epithelial cells of the respiratory tract from CF patients and CF mice, efficiently kills many bacterial species and . Here, we show that sphingosine very rapidly induces marked changes in the membrane of with a rolling of the membrane followed by destruction of the bacteria.

Function Identification of a Lactonase Gene Involved in Producing Urolithin A of FUA033.

This study aimed to identify the lactonase gene in FUA033 that facilitates the conversion of ellagic acid into urolithin A. Lactonase gene candidates were identified genome analysis. A series of overexpression, knockout, and complementation strains of these candidate genes were subsequently generated.

Macelignan Improves Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury by Augmenting Autophagy via the AKT-mTOR-TFEB Signaling Pathway.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) presents considerable therapeutic challenges due to its complex pathophysiology, and effective treatments are currently lacking. Macelignan (Mace) has shown therapeutic effects in some neurological disorders, but its potential to enhance functional recovery in SCI and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This research endeavors to explore the therapeutic value of Mace in SCI and its underlying mechanism of action.

Anti-neuroinflammatory Labdane Diterpenoids from the Rhizomes of Alpinia zerumbet.

Alpinia zerumbet, commonly known as shell ginger, is a plant of significant ornamental and medicinal value. In the present study, nine labdane-type diterpenoids, including four novel (1-4) and five known (5-9), were isolated and identified from the rhizomes of A. zerumbet.

Prediction of central line-associated bloodstream infection: focus on time of insertion.

Objective: Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) result in morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. Hospital interventions to reduce the incidence of CLABSI are often broadly applied to all patients with central venous access. Identifying central lines at high risk for CLABSI at time of insertion will allow for a more focused delivery of preventative interventions.

Safety and Efficacy Clinical Trial of Robot-Assisted Prostate Biopsy Using a Hand-Held Robotic System.

Background: Robotic systems are increasingly utilised to improve clinical outcomes in prostate interventions.

Methods: We enroled 20 patients to verify the clinical feasibility of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided robot-assisted prostate biopsy (PBx). For each patient, controlled trials of systematic 12-core PBx were initially conducted manually using a biopsy gun, followed by a 3-core cognitive fusion targeted biopsy performed by the hand-held robot.

How do Heteroatom Placements Affect the Paratropicities of Heteroaromatic-Fused Indacenes?

Topological charge stabilization rules explain how heteroatom placements in heteroaromatic-fused -indacenes (ID) and dicyclopenta[,]naphthalenes (IID) modulate the paratropicities of the [4] core. Nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS)-XY scans, natural bond orbital analyses, and computed HOMO-LUMO gaps rationalize the antiaromaticity orders of symmetrically and nonsymmetrically benzoheteroaromatic fused IDs and IIDs containing π-electron-rich and π-electron-deficient heteroatoms.

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and the risk of autoimmune diseases.

Background: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), characterized by the age-related expansion of blood cells carrying preleukemic mutations, is associated with immune aging. This study aimed to investigate the association between CHIP and established autoimmune diseases.

Methods: We analyzed baseline data from 456,692 UK Biobank participants with available whole-exome sequences.