PRDX2 promotes gastric cancer progression by forming a feedback loop with PKM2/STAT3 axis.

Peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2) is an antioxidant enzyme that has been reported to be overexpressed in various cancers. However, the role of PRDX2 in gastric cancer progression and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we revealed the function of PRDX2 in gastric cancer progression and explored its molecule mechanism.

The new advance of exosome-based liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis.

Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive method that uses biofluid samples instead of tissue samples for cancer diagnosis. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted by donor cells and act as mediators of intercellular communication in human health and disease. Due to their important roles, exosomes have been considered as promising biomarkers for liquid biopsy.

Exosomal miR-4745-5p/3911 from N2-polarized tumor-associated neutrophils promotes gastric cancer metastasis by regulating SLIT2.

Tumor cells remodel the phenotype and function of tumor microenvironment (TME) cells to favor tumor progression. Previous studies have shown that neutrophils in TME are polarized to N2 tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) by tumor derived factors, thus promoting tumor growth and metastasis, angiogenesis, therapy resistance, and immunosuppression. Exosomes act as critical intercellular messengers in human health and diseases including cancer.

Circ6834 suppresses non-small cell lung cancer progression by destabilizing ANHAK and regulating miR-873-5p/TXNIP axis.

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in cancer progression and metastasis. However, the expression profiles and biological roles of circRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear.

Methods: In this study, we identified a novel circRNA, hsa_circ_0006834 (termed circ6834), in NSCLC by RNA-seq and investigated the biological role of circ6834 in NSCLC progression in vitro and in vivo.

M2 Tumor-Associated Macrophages-Derived Exosomal MALAT1 Promotes Glycolysis and Gastric Cancer Progression.

M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages (M2 TAMs) promote cancer progression. Exosomes mediate cellular communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the roles of exosomes from M2 TAMs in gastric cancer progression are unclear.

Circular RNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for gastrointestinal cancers.

Circular RNAs are a class of noncoding RNAs with covalently linked 5' and 3' ends that arise from backsplicing events. The absence of a 5' cap and a 3' poly(A) tail makes circular RNAs relatively more stable than their linear counterparts. They are evolutionary conserved and tissue-specific, and some show disease-specific expression patterns.

Circ1811 suppresses gastric cancer progression by regulating the miR-632/DAPK1 axis.

Compelling evidence has identified circRNAs as crucial regulators in initiation and progression of various cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). However, the function and regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in GC remain largely unknown. In this study, attention is paid to a novel circular RNA circ1811, which exerts significant downregulated expression in GC tissues compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues.

Identification of differentially expressed miRNAs in plasma exosomes from patients with early-onset pre-eclampsia using next generation sequencing.

Pre-eclampsia (PE), a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, accounts for up to 14 % mortality of maternal and 18 % of fetal or infant mortalities. However, the pathogenesis process of PE remains unclear. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in the peripheral blood exosomes of early-onset PE patients versus healthy pregnant women using high-throughput sequencing, and to find candidate miRNAs as molecular markers.

Engineering and Targeting Neutrophils for Cancer Therapy.

Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells in the circulation and act as the first line of defense against infections. Increasing evidence suggests that neutrophils possess heterogeneous phenotypes and functional plasticity in human health and diseases, including cancer. Neutrophils play multifaceted roles in cancer development and progression, and an N1/N2 paradigm of neutrophils in cancer is proposed, where N1 neutrophils exert anti-tumor properties while N2 neutrophils display tumor-supportive and immune-suppressive functions.

Exosomal miRNAs from neutrophils act as accurate biomarkers for gastric cancer diagnosis.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Sensitive and accurate biomarkers can greatly aid in early diagnosis and favorable prognosis. Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells in human circulation and play a critical role in tumor progression.

LINC02159 promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression via ALYREF/YAP1 signaling.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of cancer development and progression, and as promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. In this study, we identified a new lncRNA (LINC02159) that was upregulated in the tumor tissues and serum of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

SALL4 promotes angiogenesis in gastric cancer by regulating VEGF expression and targeting SALL4/VEGF pathway inhibits cancer progression.

Background: Spalt-like protein 4 (SALL4) is a stemness-related transcription factor whose abnormal re-expression contributes to cancer initiation and progression. However, the role of SALL4 in cancer angiogenesis remains unknown.

Methods: Analyses of clinical specimens via TCGA datasets were performed to determine the expression level and clinical significance of SALL4 in STAD (Stomach Adenocarcinoma).

The new advance of SALL4 in cancer: Function, regulation, and implication.

SALL4 (split-like protein 4) is a member of the mammalian homologs of the Drosophila homoeotic gene spalt (sal) and acts as a zinc finger transcription factor to govern the self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. SALL4 expression gradually decreases during development and is even absent in most adult tissues. However, increasing evidence suggests that SALL4 expression is restored in human cancers and its aberrant expression is associated with the progression of many hematopoietic malignancies and solid tumors.

Emerging roles of tRNA-derived fragments in cancer.

tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are an emerging category of small non-coding RNAs that are generated from cleavage of mature tRNAs or tRNA precursors. The advance in high-throughput sequencing has contributed to the identification of increasing number of tRFs with critical functions in distinct physiological and pathophysiological processes. tRFs can regulate cell viability, differentiation, and homeostasis through multiple mechanisms and are thus considered as critical regulators of human diseases including cancer.

Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Drug Resistance: Roles, Mechanisms, and Implications.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanosized vesicles that mediate cell-to-cell communication via transporting bioactive molecules and thus are critically involved in various physiological and pathological conditions. EVs contribute to different aspects of cancer progression, such as cancer growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug resistance. EVs induce the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, antiangiogenesis therapy, and immunotherapy by transferring specific cargos that affect drug efflux and regulate signaling pathways associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, autophagy, metabolism, and cancer stemness.

Circular RNA EIF4G3 suppresses gastric cancer progression through inhibition of β-catenin by promoting δ-catenin ubiquitin degradation and upregulating SIK1.

Background: Increasing studies suggest that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are critical regulators of cancer development and progression. However, the biological roles and mechanisms of circRNAs in gastric cancer (GC) remain largely unknown.

Methods: We identified the differentially expressed circRNAs in GC by analyzing Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets.

A Facile and General Approach to Enhance Water Resistance of Metal-Organic Frameworks by the Post-Modification with Aminopropyltriethoxylsilane.

The water sensitivity of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as a common and crucial issue has greatly hindered their practical applications. Here, we present a facile and general approach to improve the water resistance of a typical MOF, i.e.

Exosomal miR-483-5p in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Malignant Progression of Multiple Myeloma by Targeting TIMP2.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) is one crucial component of the multiple myeloma (MM) microenvironment and supports the malignant progression of MM. Whether BMSCs act on MM cells via exosomes has not been well characterized. Herein, we used microarrays to screen out differentially expressed miRNAs in BMSCs from patients with MM (MM-MSCs) or benign diseases (BD-MSCs).

Exosomes as a new frontier of cancer liquid biopsy.

Liquid biopsy, characterized by minimally invasive detection through biofluids such as blood, saliva, and urine, has emerged as a revolutionary strategy for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction. Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that shuttle molecular cargoes from donor cells to recipient cells and play a crucial role in mediating intercellular communication. Increasing studies suggest that exosomes have a great promise to serve as novel biomarkers in liquid biopsy, since large quantities of exosomes are enriched in body fluids and are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes.

Competing endogenous RNA network for esophageal cancer progression.

Background: Esophageal cancer (ESCA) constitutes one of the most common cancers worldwide. The identification of potential biomarkers is important to improving the diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficiency for patients with ESCA. In this study, we aimed to identify biomarkers related to ESCA progression through a comprehensive analysis of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNA (miRNAs), and mRNA expression profiles in ESCA.

Long Non-coding RNA DANCR in Cancer: Roles, Mechanisms, and Implications.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) DANCR (also known as ANCR)-differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNA, was first reported in 2012 to suppress differentiation of epithelial cells. Emerging evidence demonstrates that DANCR is a cancer-associated lncRNA abnormally expressed in many cancers (e.g.

Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for Cancer Therapy.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a novel cell-free strategy for the treatment of many diseases including cancer. As a result of their natural properties to mediate cell-to-cell communication and their high physiochemical stability and biocompatibility, EVs are considered as excellent delivery vehicles for a variety of therapeutic agents such as nucleic acids and proteins, drugs, and nanomaterials. Increasing studies have shown that EVs can be modified, engineered, or designed to improve their efficiency, specificity, and safety for cancer therapy.

Exosome-transmitted lncRNA UFC1 promotes non-small-cell lung cancer progression by EZH2-mediated epigenetic silencing of PTEN expression.

Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been suggested as important regulators of cancer development and progression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, the biological roles and clinical significance of lncRNA UFC1 in NSCLC remain unclear. We detected the expression of UFC1 in tumor tissues, serum, and serum exosomes of NSCLC patients by qRT-PCR.

LINC00978 promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating EZH2-mediated silencing of p21 and E-cadherin expression.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been suggested as important regulators of cancer development and progression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, the clinical value and biological roles of LINC00978 in HCC remain unclear. In this study, we detected the expression of LINC00978 in tumor tissues and serum of HCC patients, examined the roles of LINC00978 in HCC progression and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms.