Evolving perspectives on evaluating obesity: from traditional methods to cutting-edge techniques.

This review examines the evolution of obesity evaluation methods, from traditional anthropometric indices to advanced imaging techniques, focusing on their clinical utility, limitations, and potential for personalized assessment of visceral adiposity and associated metabolic risks. A comprehensive analysis of existing literature was conducted, encompassing anthropometric indices (BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR, NC), lipid-related metrics (LAP, VAI, CVAI, mBMI), and imaging technologies (3D scanning, BIA, ultrasound, DXA, CT, MRI). The study highlights the biological roles of white, brown, and beige adipocytes, emphasizing visceral adipose tissue (VAT) as a critical mediator of metabolic diseases.

Association of METS-IR index with Type 2 Diabetes: A cross-sectional analysis of national health and nutrition examination survey data from 2009 to 2018.

Background: With rising global diabetes prevalence, precise early identification and management of diabetes risk are critical research areas. The metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), a novel non-insulin-based tool, is gaining attention for quantifying insulin resistance using multiple metabolic parameters. Despite its potential in predicting diabetes and its precursors, evidence on its specific relationship with diabetes is limited, especially in large-scale population validation and mechanistic exploration.

Effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on related variables of obesity complicated with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is closely related to obesity, and weight loss can significantly improve the metabolic, endocrine and reproductive functions of obese individuals with PCOS. However, the efficacy of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) for obesity with PCOS are unclear.

Aim: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of LSG on related variables in obese patients with PCOS.

Research progress on the relationship between bile acid metabolism and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Bile acids, which are steroid molecules originating from cholesterol and synthesized in the liver, play a pivotal role in regulating glucose metabolism and maintaining energy balance. Upon release into the intestine alongside bile, they activate various nuclear and membrane receptors, influencing crucial processes. These bile acids have emerged as significant contributors to managing type 2 diabetes mellitus, a complex clinical syndrome primarily driven by insulin resistance.

Effect of drainage versus no drainage after thyroid surgery on wound complications, a meta-analysis.

A meta-analysis study was used to assess whether not placing a drain after thyroidectomy reduces postoperative wound complications. A critical review of the comprehensive literature up to May 2023 was conducted using four databases: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the web of science. Fourteen interrelated studies were reviewed after passing the inclusion and exclusion criteria established by the study and assessing the quality of the literature.

Case Report: Identification of a novel fusion co-existing with fusion in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

fusions are validated oncogenic drivers of various adult and pediatric tumor types, including thyroid cancer, and serve as a therapeutic target. Recently, tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitors, such as entrectinib and larotrectinib, display promising therapeutic efficacy in -positive solid tumors. Although some fusion partners have been identified in thyroid cancer, the spectrum of fusion is not fully characterized.

A versatile strategy for high-resolution separation of reducing glycan mixtures as hydrazones by two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography.

Glycomics analysis has been undermined by the lack of structurally defined individual glycans as model compounds. However, it is challenging to prepare individual glycans from natural resources, mainly due to separation difficulties caused by highly diverse structure, complicated mixture form and chromophore-free property of naturally-existing glycans. In this study, we report a simple, universal and low-cost glycan separation strategy, glycoselection, which allows preparation of individual reducing glycans from their mixtures through reversible chromogenic derivatization by hydrazide chemistry in combination with two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography (2D-HPLC).

Metabolic bariatric surgery in the treatment of obesity complicated with hypertension: mechanistic insight.

The increase of dietary fat energy supply ratio has led to a gradual increase in obesity, and the risk of hypertension in patients with obesity is much higher than that in the normal population. Weight loss has become a popular method to control obesity and hypertension. Metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS), which is also called weight loss surgery, can have significant effects on the weight and body metabolism of the patients.

Effects of Antibiotics on Weight in Obese Patients after Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Obese patients can significantly reduce weight and have a positive impact on obesity-related diseases. However, the risk of infection complications in obese people is higher than that in normal people, especially the surgical site infection. This research investigates the effect of antibiotics on weight change of obese patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).

Overexpression of miR-100-5p inhibits papillary thyroid cancer progression via targeting FZD8.

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most prevalent type of TC worldwide; however, its pathological process remains unclear at the molecular level. In the current study, we analyzed the microarray data of PTC tissues and non-neoplastic thyroid tissues, and confirmed miR-100-5p as a downregulated miRNA in PTC. Via bioinformatic approach, western blotting, and TOP/FOP-flash assay, miR-100-5p was observed to be involved in the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in TPC-1 and KTC-1.

The Choice of Gastric Bypass or Sleeve Gastrectomy for Patients Stratified by Diabetes Duration and Body Mass Index (BMI) level: Results from a National Registry and Meta-analysis.

Purpose: To determine whether sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) should be the optimal choice in patients stratified by diabetes duration and body mass index (BMI) level.

Methods: Classification tree analysis was performed to identify the influential factors for surgical procedure selection in real setting. Meta-analyses stratified by influential factors were conducted to compare the complete diabetes remission rates between SG and RYGB.

Functional characterization of a novel, highly expressed ion-driven sugar antiporter in the thoracic muscles of Helicoverpa armigera.

Sugar transporters (STs), which mainly mediate cellular sugar exchanges, play critical physiological roles in living organisms, and they may be responsible for sugar exchanges among various insect tissues. However, the molecular and physiological functions of insect STs are largely unknown. Here, 16 STs of Helicoverpa armigera were identified.

Genetic polymorphism investigation of 16 X-STR loci in the Bai ethnic minority in Yunnan Province, Southwest China.

To investigate the genetic variation and forensic efficiency of 16 X-chromosomal short tandem repeat (X-STR) loci (DX6795, DXS9902, DXS8378, HPRTB, GATA165B12, DXS7132, DXS7424, DXS6807, DXS6803, GATA172D05, DXS6800, DXS10134, GATA31E08, DXS10159, DXS6789, and DXS6810) in the Bai minority, we calculated allele frequencies, forensic parameters, and haplotype frequencies in 424 (202 males and 222 females) unrelated, healthy Bai individuals from Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province, China. We observed a total of 132 alleles; 5-19 alleles were detected in each locus, and the corresponding allele frequencies ranged from 0.0016 to 0.

Purification of N- and O-glycans and their derivatives from biological samples by the absorbent cotton hydrophilic chromatographic column.

Mass spectrum (MS) is one of the most commonly used tools for qualitative and quantitative analysis of glycans. However, due to the complexity of biological samples and the low ionization efficiency of glycans, these need to be purified and derivatized prior to MS analysis. Existing purification strategies require a combination of multiple methods and are cumbersome to operate.

Analysis of the -Glycoforms and Immunoactivity of Chinese Yam ( Thunb.) Glycoprotein 30CYGP.

The major protein in Chinese yam ( Thunb.) glycoprotein, 30CYGP, exhibits strong immunomodulatory activities. Research has identified the sequence and structure of 30CYGP; however, 30CYGP -glycoform composition and immunoactivity remain unknown.

The ammonia-catalyzed release of glycoprotein N-glycans.

Despite the great significance of release and analysis of glycans from glycoproteins, the existing N-glycan release methods are undermined by some limitations and deficiencies. The traditional enzymatic protocols feature high N-glycan release specificity but are generally costly and inefficient for some types of N-glycans. The existing chemical methods require harsh reaction conditions or are accompanied by the remarkable formation of by-products.

Simultaneous Release and Labeling of O- and N-Glycans Allowing for Rapid Glycomic Analysis by Online LC-UV-ESI-MS/MS.

Most glycoproteins and biological protein samples undergo both O- and N-glycosylation, making characterization of their structures very complicated and time-consuming. Nevertheless, to fully understand the biological functions of glycosylation, both the glycosylation forms need to be analyzed. Herein we report a versatile, convenient one-pot method in which O- and N-glycans are simultaneously released from glycoproteins and chromogenically labeled in situ and thus available for further characterization.

Physicochemical properties and biological activities of polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum prepared by fractional precipitation.

Traditional separation and purification process of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) includes water extraction, alcohol precipitation, deproteinization and ion-exchange column chromatography, which is complicated and time-consuming. In our study, retentate LBP-I and dialysate LBP-O were obtained from LBP by water extraction, alcohol precipitation and deproteinization. LBP-I was separated by fractional precipitation and three fractions (LBP-I-1, LBP-I-2 and LBP-I-3) were obtained.

A follow-up study of early interceptive treatment of primary anterior crossbites.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcome of early interceptive treatment of primary anterior crossbites with posterior occlusal acrylic resin blocks in combination with a 2 × 4 appliance, and to examine the differences in craniofacial morphology between the stable and relapse groups. Lateral cephalograms of 46 subjects (17 males and 29 females; average mean age 4 years 2 months ± 5 months) with a primary anterior crossbite were obtained before (T0) and immediately after (T1) treatment and at a 6 year follow-up (T2). The patients were assigned to either a stable (n = 35; 13 males and 22 females) or a relapse (n = 11; 4 males and 7 females) group according to the amount of overjet when the permanent incisors had erupted.