Comparison of Reproductive Strategies between Two Sympatric Passerines.

Reproduction plays a crucial role in determining the development, fate, and dynamics of bird populations. However, reproductive strategies vary among species and populations. In this study, we investigated the reproductive strategies of the Oriental Magpie Robin () and White-rumped Shama (), which are closely related passerines that reproduce in sympatric areas.

Effect of et and on liver protection mechanism based on pharmacokinetics and metabonomics.

Objective: Based on metabonomics technology of high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H NMR), the pharmacokinetic characteristics and therapeutic mechanism of et (RhRR, Dahuang in Chinese), (EuS, Tubiechong in Chinese) combined with RhRR acting on acute liver injury were explored.

Methods: Models of acute liver injury were established, and the pharmacokinetic methods of five components of RhRR-EuS in rats were found by HPLC-MS/MS. The liver tissues of different groups of mice were analyzed by H NMR spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistical analysis to investigate the metabolomics of RhRR-EuS and RhRR.

Urinary biomarkers associated with acute kidney injury in pediatric mechanical circulatory support patients.

Background: In patients requiring mechanical circulatory support (MCS), the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is between 37 and 63%. In this study, we performed an exploratory analysis evaluating the relationship of multiple urine biomarkers with AKI development in pediatric MCS patients.

Methods: This is a single center retrospective study in a pediatric cohort receiving MCS from August 2014 to November 2020.

Impaired Human Cardiac Cell Development due to NOTCH1 Deficiency.

Background: pathogenic variants are implicated in multiple types of congenital heart defects including hypoplastic left heart syndrome, where the left ventricle is underdeveloped. It is unknown how regulates human cardiac cell lineage determination and cardiomyocyte proliferation. In addition, mechanisms by which pathogenic variants lead to ventricular hypoplasia in hypoplastic left heart syndrome remain elusive.

Metabolic regulation mechanism of extract in rats based on H-NMR metabonomics.

Objective: To establish a metabonomics research technique based on the combination of H-NMR and multivariate statistical analysis, so as to explore the metabolic regulation mechanism of extract (ARCE) in rat tissues and serum.

Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into blank group, female group and male group. The H-NMR technique was used to collect the information of rat tissues and serum samples in each group.

Study on pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide in rats by fluorescence labeling.

To study the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution characteristics of Polygonatum sibiricum (P. sibiricum) polysaccharide administered orally and intravenously in rats, the latest quantitative analysis method was established where P. sibiricum polysaccharide was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) in plasma and tissues.

Determination of polysaccharides composition in and by HPLC-FLD with pre-column derivatization.

A high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) method was established for the determination of seven monosaccharides in and . The polysaccharides were de-esterified, extracted, hydrolyzed and derivatized with p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to obtain fluorescently labeled monosaccharide compounds, which were finally detected by HPLC-FLD. Inertsil ODS-3, C18 chromatographic column (250 mm × 4.

Impact of nest sanitation behavior on hosts' egg rejection: an empirical study and meta-analyses.

Egg rejection in birds is a specific adaptation toward avian brood parasitism, whereas nest sanitation is a general behavior for cleaning the nest and avoiding predation. However, both behaviors refer to the action of ejecting objects out of the nest, and nest sanitation has been proposed as a pre-adaptation for egg rejection. Here, we tested the eliciting effect of nest sanitation on egg rejection in the red-whiskered bulbul , a potential host species that are sympatric with parasitic cuckoos.

Simultaneous Determination of Six Alkaloids in Rat Plasma by SPE-HPLC-MS/MS and Their Pharmacokinetics after Oral Administration of Extract.

Simultaneous determination of the content of six alkaloids (aconitine, hypoaconitine, mesaconitine, benzoylaconine, benzoylhypaconine, and benzoylmesaconine) in rat plasma is enabled by HPLC-MS/MS combined with microsolid phase extraction (micro-SPE). To study its pharmacokinetics in rat plasma, the extracted plasma sample was passed through a C18 extraction column and eluted with acetonitrile. The six alkaloids in the extract can be completely separated as peaks with good shape.

Galectin-3 and sST2 as Prognosticators for Heart Failure Requiring Extracorporeal Life Support: Jack n' Jill.

Extracorporeal life support provides perfusion for patients with heart failure to allow time for recovery, function as a bridge for patients to heart transplantation, or serve as destination therapy for long term mechanical device support. Several biomarkers have been employed in attempt to predict these outcomes, but it remains to be determined which are suitable to guide clinical practice relevant to extracorporeal life support. Galectin-3 and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (sST2) are two of the more promising candidates with the greatest supporting evidence.

Metabolomics study of polysaccharide extracts from Polygonatum sibiricum in mice based on H NMR technology.

Background: Polygonatum sibiricum Liliaceae perennial herb, as a commonly used medicine and food homologous plant, has been widely used in clinical practice of Chinese medicine since ancient times, with a history of 2000 years. As the main active ingredient, P. sibiricum polysaccharides have important pharmacological effects in blood sugar reduction and antitumor, antioxidant and liver protection.

Simultaneous intrathyroidal parathyroid adenomas and multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma in a patient with kidney transplantation: a case report.

Background: Persistent hyperparathyroidism after kidney transplantation has been associated with adverse outcomes. Parathyroidectomy is the definitive treatment approach, but the success of parathyroidectomy relies on the accurate preoperative localization of the culprit parathyroid lesions. Simultaneous intrathyroidal parathyroid adenomas and multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma present important diagnostic challenges.

Doxorubicin-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis Involves the Neurokinin-1 Receptor and Direct Effects on Cardiac Fibroblasts.

Background: Cancer patients receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy (Anth-bC) may experience early cardiac fibrosis, which could be an important contributing mechanism to the development of impaired left ventricular (LV) function. Substance P, a neuropeptide that predominantly acts via the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK-1R), contributes to adverse myocardial remodelling and fibrosis in other cardiomyopathies. We sought to determine if NK-1R blockade is effective against doxorubicin (Dox - a frequently used Anth-bC)-induced cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

99mTc-Phy portal perfusion index imaging helps predict the severity of hepatitis B virus cirrhosis: a preliminary study.

Objective: The aim was to perform exploratory research on the application of technetium phytate (Tc-Phy) portal perfusion index (PPI) imaging in predicting the complications of hepatitis B cirrhosis and their severity.

Patients And Methods: A total of 65 hepatitis B cirrhosis patients were stratified, respectively, into three groups from classes A to C according to Child-Pugh scores and five groups from stages 1 to 5 according to the five-stage prognostic system. PPIs were compared and analyzed, respectively, among the three and five groups.

Antenatal betamethasone attenuates the angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas receptor-nitric oxide axis in isolated proximal tubule cells.

We previously reported a sex-specific effect of antenatal treatment with betamethasone (Beta) on sodium (Na) excretion in adult sheep whereby treated males but not females had an attenuated natriuretic response to angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)]. The present study determined the Na uptake and nitric oxide (NO) response to low-dose Ang-(1-7) (1 pM) in renal proximal tubule cells (RPTC) from adult male and female sheep antenatally exposed to Beta or vehicle. Data were expressed as percentage of basal uptake or area under the curve for Na or percentage of control for NO.

Sex-Specific Changes in Renal Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Gene Expression and Enzyme Activity at Birth and Over the First Year of Life.

Objective: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are key enzymes of the renin-angiotensin system. We investigated developmental changes in renal ACE and ACE2 gene expression and activity in both male and female sheep.

Methods: Three groups of sheep (fetus, newborn, and adult) were used.

Antenatal glucocorticoid treatment alters Na+ uptake in renal proximal tubule cells from adult offspring in a sex-specific manner.

We have shown a sex-specific effect of fetal programming on Na(+) excretion in adult sheep. The site of this effect in the kidney is unknown. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that renal proximal tubule cells (RPTCs) from adult male sheep exposed to betamethasone (Beta) before birth have greater Na(+) uptake than do RPTCs from vehicle-exposed male sheep and that RPTCs from female sheep similarly exposed are not influenced by antenatal Beta.

Sex-specific effect of antenatal betamethasone exposure on renal oxidative stress induced by angiotensins in adult sheep.

Prenatal glucocorticoid administration in clinically relevant doses reduces nephron number and renal function in adulthood and is associated with hypertension. Nephron loss in early life may predispose the kidney to other insults later but whether sex influences increases in renal susceptibility is unclear. Therefore, we determined, in male and female adult sheep, whether antenatal glucocorticoid (betamethasone) exposure increased 8-isoprostane (marker of oxidative stress) and protein excretion after acute nephron reduction and intrarenal infusions of angiotensin peptides.

Antenatal betamethasone exposure alters renal responses to angiotensin-(1-7) in uninephrectomized adult male sheep.

Antenatal corticosteroid exposure reduces renal function and alters the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system to favor angiotensin activation of angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) mediated responses in ovine offspring. This study aimed to assess whether antenatal steroid exposure would affect renal responses to the direct intrarenal infusion of angiotensin-(1-7) in rams and the angiotensin receptors involved in mediating responses to the peptide. Adult, uninephrectomized rams exposed to either betamethasone or vehicle before birth received intrarenal angiotensin-(1-7) infusions (1 ng/kg/min) alone or in combination with antagonists to angiotensin receptors for 3 h.

Prenatal betamethasone exposure alters renal function in immature sheep: sex differences in effects.

Synthetic glucocorticoids are commonly given to pregnant women when premature delivery threatens. Antenatal administration of clinically relevant doses of betamethasone to pregnant sheep causes sex-specific compromises of renal function and increases in blood pressure in adult offspring. However, it is unclear whether such effects are present in immature lambs.

Developmental effect of antenatal exposure to betamethasone on renal angiotensin II activity in the young adult sheep.

Antenatal corticosteroids may have long-term effects on renal development which have not been clearly defined. Our objective was to compare the responses to intrarenal infusions of ANG II in two groups of year-old, male sheep: one group exposed to a clinically relevant dose of betamethasone before birth and one not exposed. We wished to test the hypothesis that antenatal steroid exposure would enhance renal responses to ANG II in adult life.

Biosensor based on the biocatalysis of microperoxidase-11 in nanocomposite material of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/room temperature ionic liquid for amperometric determination of hydrogen peroxide.

A novel nanocomposite material of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) N-butylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate (BPPF6) was explored and used to construct a novel microperoxidase-11 (MP-11) biosensor for the determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to characterize the performance of the biosensor. Under the optimized experimental conditions, H2O2 could be detected in a linear calibration range of 0.

Gender differences in the effects of antenatal betamethasone exposure on renal function in adult sheep.

Exposure to clinically relevant doses of glucocorticoids during fetal life increases blood pressure in adult male and female sheep. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of prenatal exposure to betamethasone at 80-81 days of gestation on renal function in ewes and rams at 1.5 yr of age.