Pan-cancer analyses reveal cancer-type-specific autophagy signatures with potential implications for prognosis and therapy response.

Autophagy is a common cellular degradation and recycling process that plays crucial roles in the development, progression, immune regulation, and prognosis of various cancers. However, a systematic assessment of the autophagy-related genes (ATGs) across cancer types is deficient. Here, a transcriptome-based pan-cancer analysis of autophagy with potential implications in prognosis and therapy response was performed.

Aging2Cancer: an integrated resource for linking aging to tumor multi-omics data.

Background: Aging and tumorigenesis share intricate regulatory processes, that alter the genome, epigenome, transcriptome and immune landscape of tissues. Discovering the link between aging and cancer in terms of multiomics characteristics remains a challenge for biomedical researchers.

Methods: We collected high-throughput datasets for 57 human tumors and 20 normal tissues, including 23,125 samples with age information.

Properties Investigation and Damage Analysis of GaN Photoconductive Semiconductor Switch Based on SiC Substrate.

The GaN photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSSs) with low leakage current and large on-state current are suitable for several applications, including fast switching and high-power electromagnetic pulse equipment. This paper demonstrates a high-power GaN lateral PCSS device. An output peak current of 142.

Grid composite meta-surface absorber with thermal isolation structure for terahertz detection.

This paper specifically focuses on the absorber, the critical component responsible for the detector's response performance. The meta-surface absorber combines two resonant structures and achieves over 80% absorptance around 210 GHz, resulting in a broad operating frequency range. FR-4 is selected as the dielectric layer to be compatible with standard printed circuit board (PCB) technology, which reduces the overall fabrication time and cost.

Mapping enhancer and chromatin accessibility landscapes charts the regulatory network of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Enhancers are regulatory elements that target and modulate gene expression and play a role in human health and disease. However, the roles of enhancer regulatory circuit abnormalities driven by epigenetic alterations in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are unclear.

Methods: In this study, a multiomic integrative analysis was performed to map enhancer and chromatin accessibility landscapes and identify regulatory network abnormalities in AD.

Epigenetically regulated lncRNAs dissect the intratumoural heterogeneity and facilitate immune evasion of glioblastomas.

Glioblastomas are the most common and malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors that occupied a highly heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TIME). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), whose expression can be modified by DNA methylation, are emerging as critical regulators in the immune system. However, knowledge about the epigenetic changes in lncRNAs and their contribution to the immune heterogeneity of glioma is still lacking.

The synergistic interaction landscape of chromatin regulators reveals their epigenetic regulation mechanisms across five cancer cell lines.

Chromatin regulators (CRs) regulate the gene transcription process through combinatorial patterns, which currently remain obscure for pan-cancer. This study identified the interaction of CRs and constructed CR-CR interaction networks across five tumor cell lines. The global interaction analysis revealed that CRs tend to function in synergistically.

Prognostic Implications and Immune Infiltration Characteristics of Chromosomal Instability-Related Dysregulated CeRNA in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

An accumulating body of research indicates that long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate the target genes and act as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) playing an indispensable role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). LUAD is frequently accompanied by the feature of chromosomal instability (CIN); however, CIN-related ceRNAs have not been investigated yet. We systematically analyzed and integrated CIN-related dysregulated ceRNAs characteristics in LUAD samples for the first time.

Comprehensive Analysis of the Carcinogenic Process, Tumor Microenvironment, and Drug Response in HPV-Positive Cancers.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus, and about 5% of all cancers worldwide is caused by persistent high-risk HPV infections. Here, we reported a comprehensive analysis of the molecular features for HPV-related cancer types using TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) data with HPV status. We found that the HPV-positive cancer patients had a unique oncogenic process, tumor microenvironment, and drug response compared with HPV-negative patients.

The Functional Characterization of Epigenetically Related lncRNAs Involved in Dysregulated CeRNA-CeRNA Networks Across Eight Cancer Types.

Numerous studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs could compete with other RNAs to bind miRNAs, as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), to regulate each other. On the other hand, ceRNAs were found to be recurrently dysregulated in cancer status. However, limited studies considered the upstream epigenetic regulatory factors that disrupted the normal competing mechanism.

The Influence of the Different Repair Methods on the Electrical Properties of the Normally off p-GaN HEMT.

The influence of the repair process on the electrical properties of the normally off p-GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) is studied in detail in this paper. We find that the etching process will cause the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and the mobility of the p-GaN HEMT to decrease. However, the repair process will gradually recover the electrical properties.

Contributions of Gene Modules Regulated by Essential Noncoding RNA in Colon Adenocarcinoma Progression.

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNA (miRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), have an impact on a variety of important biological processes during colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) progression. This includes chromatin organization, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation, and cell-cell signaling. The aim of this study is to identify the ncRNA-regulated modules that accompany the progression of COAD and to analyze their mechanisms, in order to screen the potential prognostic biomarkers for COAD.

Identification of Autophagy-Associated Biomarkers and Corresponding Regulatory Factors in the Progression of Colorectal Cancer.

Autophagy is a self-degradation process that maintains homeostasis against stress in cells. Autophagy dysfunction plays a central role in the development of tumors, such as colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, autophagy-related differentially expressed genes, their downstream functions, and upstream regulatory factors including RNA-binding proteins (RBP) involved in programmed cell death in the CRC were investigated.

Expression of PIWIL2 in oral cancer and leukoplakia: Prognostic implications and insights from tumors.

PIWIL2 is a human Argonaute protein, which is guided by small RNAs to its targets, plays a role in germ cell maintenance and has been proposed to be expressed in precancerous stem cells and tumor stem cells. However, the significance of PIWIL2 expression in oral cancer and precancerous lesions has not been investigated. In this study, we analyzed the expression of the stem cell protein PIWIL2 in oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC) and in premalignant oral leukoplakia (OL) with predominant expression in malignant and premalignant tissues.

Hierarchical Carbon Micro/Nanonetwork with Superior Electrocatalysis for High-Rate and Endurable Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries.

Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) are receiving increasing interest in energy storage fields because of their safety and versatility. However, the electrocatalytic activity of the electrode is a pivotal factor that still restricts the power and cycling capabilities of VRFBs. Here, a hierarchical carbon micro/nanonetwork (HCN) electrode codoped with nitrogen and phosphorus is prepared for application in VRFBs by cross-linking polymerization of aniline and physic acid, and subsequent pyrolysis on graphite felt.

Detection of dysregulated competing endogenous RNA modules associated with clear cell kidney carcinoma.

Recent evidence has suggested that competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) are important regulatory molecules in clear cell kidney carcinoma (KIRC) and their dysregulation may contribute to cancer pathogenesis. However, the critical roles of dysregulated ceRNAs in KIRC remain unknown. In the present study, a KIRC dysregulated ceRNA‑ceRNA network (KDCCNet) was constructed based on the 'ceRNA hypothesis' by integrating microRNA regulation and expression profiles in cancerous and normal tissues.

Imaging c-Met expression using 18F-labeled binding peptide in human cancer xenografts.

Objectives: c-Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase shown inappropriate expression and actively involved in progression and metastasis in most types of human cancer. Development of c-Met-targeted imaging and therapeutic agents would be extremely useful. Previous studies reported that c-Met-binding peptide (Met-pep1, YLFSVHWPPLKA) specifically targets c-Met receptor.

Prognostic implication of NOTCH1 in early stage oral squamous cell cancer with occult metastases.

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the prognostic value of cancer stem cell markers, namely CD133, NANOG, and NOTCH1, in early stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Materials And Methods: One hundred forty-four patients with early stage (cT1T2N0) OSCC were identified from a pre-existing database of patients with oral cancer. We examined the impact of the immunohistochemical expression of CD133, NANOG, and NOTCH1 in OSCC.

In situ memory T cells and patterns of invasion predict outcome in patients with early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to explore the prognostic value of in situ memory T cells and patterns of invasion (POI) in early stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods: One hundred fifty-seven patients with early stage (cT1T2N0) OSCC were identified from a pre-existing database of patients with oral cancer and were classified by POI according to hematoxylin-eosin staining. We examined the impact of the immunohistochemical expression of CD45RO in OSCC.

Prevalence of Diabetes and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Rural-to-Urban Nong Zhuan Fei Migrants in an Urban Area of Northern China, 2013.

Objective: In China's Nong Zhuan Fei (NZF) communities, farmers living in rural villages are uprooted and moved into newly constructed urban apartments when the government purchases their land for residential and commercial development. With their relocation from a traditional rural setting to a modern urban setting, residents of NZF communities face lifestyle-based risk factors for diabetes and other chronic diseases. We reported estimates of diabetes prevalence, risk factors, and health-related quality of life among adult Chinese NZF rural-to-urban migrants.

A sensitive method for computing GO-based functional similarities among genes with 'shallow annotation'.

Methods for computing similarities among genes have attracted increasing attention for their applications in gene clustering, gene expression data analysis, protein interaction prediction and evaluation. To address the need for automatically computing functional similarities of genes, an important class of methods that computes functional similarities by comparing Gene Ontology (GO) annotations of genes has been developed. However, all of the currently available methods have some drawbacks; for example, they either ignore the specificity of the GO terms or do not consider the information contained within the GO structure.

DBGSA: a novel method of distance-based gene set analysis.

When compared with single gene functional analysis, gene set analysis (GSA) can extract more information from gene expression profiles. Currently, several gene set methods have been proposed, but most of the methods cannot detect gene sets with a large number of minor-effect genes. Here, we propose a novel distance-based gene set analysis method.

A sub-pathway-based approach for identifying drug response principal network.

Motivation: The high redundancy of and high degree of cross-talk between biological pathways hint that a sub-pathway may respond more effectively or sensitively than the whole pathway. However, few current pathway enrichment analysis methods account for the sub-pathways or structures of the tested pathways. We present a sub-pathway-based enrichment approach for identifying a drug response principal network, which takes into consideration the quantitative structures of the pathways.

Selective inhibition of PDGFR by imatinib elicits the sustained activation of ERK and downstream receptor signaling in malignant glioma cells.

Clinical studies using the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib mesylate (Gleevec®), in glioblastoma, have shown no major inhibition of tumor growth or extension of survival for patients, unlike those in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The molecular mechanisms of action of imatinib in glioblastoma cells are still not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of imatinib on the platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) downstream signaling pathways as well as on other cellular functions in human glioblastoma cells.

Pharmacokinetics of luteolin and tetra-acetyl-luteolin assayed by HPLC in rats after oral administration.

Accurate and reproducible HPLC methods were developed and validated for the determination of concentrations of luteolin (LT) and tetra-acetyl-luteolin (TALT) in rat plasma. HPLC analyses were performed on an Agilent TC-C(18) column protected by a guard Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus. The mobile phase for LT was a binary mixture of acetonitrile-water (40:60, v/v) containing 0.