Review of clinical and imaging findings in autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy to aid in early diagnosis.

Objective: Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (GFAP-A) is a novel steroid sensitive autoimmune disease, without a diagnostic consensus. The purpose of this study was to improve early GFAP-A diagnosis by increasing awareness of key clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations.

Methods: Medical records of 13 patients with anti-GFAP antibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were reviewed for cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.

Distinguishing Parotid Polymorphic Adenoma and Warthin Tumor Based on the CT Radiomics Nomogram: A Multicenter Study.

Rationale And Objectives: To develop, validate, and test a comprehensive radiomics prediction model to distinguish parotid polymorphic adenomas (PAs) and warthin tumors (WTs) using clinical data and enhanced computed tomography (CT) from a multicenter cohort.

Materials And Methods: A total of 267 patients with PAs (n =172) or WTs (n = 95) from two hospitals were randomly divided into training (n =188) and validation (n =79) datasets. Radiomics features were extracted from the enhanced CT (arterial phase) followed by dimensionality reduction.

Three novel mutations of the , and genes in Chinese children with maple syrup urine disease.

Background: Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a rare metabolic autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex. Mutations in the , and genes are responsible for MSUD. This study presents the clinical and molecular characterizations of four MSUD patients.

Radiomics signature of brain metastasis: prediction of EGFR mutation status.

Objectives: To predict epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status in lung adenocarcinoma using MR-based radiomics signature of brain metastasis and explore the optimal MR sequence for prediction.

Methods: Data from 52 patients with brain metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma (28 with mutant EGFR, 24 with wild-type EGFR) were retrospectively reviewed. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (T1-CE), T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR), T2WI, and DWI sequences were selected for radiomics features extraction.

Texture analysis of early cerebral tissue damage in magnetic resonance imaging of patients with lung cancer.

Primary tumors can secrete many cytokines, inducing tissue damage or microstructural changes in distant organs. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in texture features in the cerebral tissue of patients with lung cancer without brain metastasis. In this study, 50 patients with lung cancers underwent 3.

Radiomics analysis of lung CT image for the early detection of metastases in patients with breast cancer: preliminary findings from a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: To investigate whether subtle changes in radiomics features are present in lung CT images prior to the development of CT-detectable lung metastases in patients with breast cancer.

Methods: Thirty-three radiomics features were measured in the metastasis region (MR) and in matched contralateral tissues (non-metastasis region, NMR) of 29 breast cancer patients at the last CT scan, as well as in the corresponding regions of the patients' pre-metastasis scan (pre-MR and pre-NMR). We also compared them with normal lung tissues (control group, CG) from 29 healthy volunteers.

Distribution Of Brain Metastasis From Lung Cancer.

Purpose: The prognosis of lung cancer with brain metastasis is poor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of brain metastasis and explore its relationship with pathology and genetic mutations.

Patients And Methods: Between June 2015 and July 2018, 335 patients from Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University who had been firstly diagnosed with brain metastasis from lung cancer were retrospectively reviewed.

Correlations between ADC values and molecular markers of Ki-67 and HIF-1α in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Cell proliferativity and hypoxia have important impact on the response to radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and the molecular markers Ki-67 and hypoxia inducible factor-α (HIF-α) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Differentiation of pancreatobiliary-type from intestinal-type periampullary carcinomas using 3.0T MRI.

Purpose: To differentiate pancreatobiliary-type from intestinal-type periampullary carcinomas using combined magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), contrast-enhanced MRI, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).

Materials And Methods: MRI (3.0T) results of 41 patients with pathologically confirmed periampullary carcinoma were retrospectively assessed.

Hiwi Promotes the Proliferation of Colorectal Cancer Cells via Upregulating Global DNA Methylation.

Hiwi is well known for its role in stem cell renewal, maintaining the resting stage, and downregulating cell cycle of stem cells via RNA silencing. And Hiwi overexpression has been recognized in several types of cancers. In the present study, we examined the Hiwi expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) specimens in both mRNA and protein levels via real-time quantitative PCR, western blot assay, and immunohistochemical staining.

Expression profile of long non-coding RNAs is altered in endometrial cancer.

This study was to uncover the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in the process of endometrial cancer (EC) development using microarray technique to obtain the expression profiles of lncRNAs in EC and its adjacent normal tissues. A total of 45 pieces of pathologically-proven EC tissues were used in this study. All samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after resection and stored at -80°C for future use.

Adjacent vessel sign and breast imaging reporting and data system are valuable for diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether an adjacent vessel sign (AVS) observed on the maximum intensity projections (MIPs) from the subtracted images can help distinguish between malignant and benign breast lesions and to test whether the combination of breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) category and AVS can increase the specificity and diagnostic accuracy of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The study included 63 histologically verified lesions which underwent dynamic breast MRI before biopsy. All magnetic resonance (MR) images were evaluated by two radiologists in consensus, who were unaware of the histopathological outcome.

Can the signal-to-noise ratio of choline in magnetic resonance spectroscopy reflect the aggressiveness of endometrial cancer?

Rationale And Objectives: To differentiate endometrial cancer (ECa) from benign lesions in endometrial or in submucosa (BLs-ESm), and investigate whether the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of choline-containing compounds (Cho) obtained from three-dimensional (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is associated with the aggressiveness of ECa.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-three patients with ECa and 15 patients with BLs-ESm underwent preoperative multivoxel (1)H MRS at 3 T MR. The amplitude of Cho peak of each voxel was recorded, and the corresponding SNR of Cho peak (ChoSNR) was calculated.

MR imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma: correlations between MRI features and molecular marker VEGF.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the correlations between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thirty-six patients with HCC included in this study underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging and diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Signal intensity characteristics of HCCs were reviewed independently by two experienced radiologists.

Diffusion-weighted imaging for the left hepatic lobe has higher diagnostic accuracy for malignant focal liver lesions.

Background: This study was conducted to investigate whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements by dividing the liver into left and right hepatic lobes may be utilized to improve the accuracy of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant focal liver lesions.

Materials And Methods: A total of 269 consecutive patients with 429 focal liver lesions were examined by 3-T magnetic resonance imaging that included diffusion-weighted imaging. For 58 patients with focal liver lesions of the same etiology in left and right hepatic lobes, ADCs of normal liver parenchyma and focal liver lesions were calculated and compared using the paired t-test.

Three-dimensional magnetic resonance volumetry of the pituitary gland is effective in detecting short stature in children.

The aim of the present study was to obtain standard reference values for the pituitary gland volumes of healthy children and to analyze the potential diagnostic values of pituitary gland volumetry for growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and idiopathic short stature (ISS). The volume of the pituitary gland was measured using a thin-section three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence of magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo imaging with a section thickness of 1 mm. A group of 75 healthy children aged between 1 and 19 years were recruited to obtain normal volumetry values of the pituitary gland.

Magnetic resonance imaging‑directed biopsy improves the prediction of prostate cancer aggressiveness compared with a 12‑core transrectal ultrasound‑guided prostate biopsy.

The Gleason grading system is a fundamental indicator of the aggressive nature of prostate cancer (PCa). Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy (MRS) are methods for the assessment of PCa aggressiveness. The present study was designed to prospectively investigate whether transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided MR imaging (MRI)-directed biopsies (TRUS‑MR‑Dbs) improve the prediction of PCa aggressiveness in comparison with 12-core TRUS-guided biopsies (TRUS‑Gbs).

Metabolite concentration ratios in thalami of patients with migraine and trigeminal neuralgia measured with 1H-MRS.

Objective: To investigate the metabolite concentration ratios including N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho) and creatine plus phosphocreatine (Cr) in thalami of patients with migraine without aura, patients with trigeminal neuralgia and healthy comparison subjects using multi-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS).

Methods: 1H-MRS was performed with a 3.0 T MR system on the thalamus bilaterally in 20 patients with migraine without aura, 16 patients with trigeminal neuralgia and 14 healthy control subjects.