FADD cooperates with Caspase-8 to positively regulate the innate immune response and promote apoptosis following bacterial infection in Japanese eel.

Fas-associated protein with Death Domain (FADD) is a crucial signaling component of apoptosis and a vital immunomodulator on inflammatory signaling pathways. However, information on FADD-mediated apoptosis and immune regulation is limited in teleost. We herein cloned a FADD homolog, AjFADD, from Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica).

Enantioselective dearomative formal (3+3) cycloadditions of bicyclobutanes with aromatic azomethine imines: access to fused 2,3-diazabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes.

Although cycloadditions of bicyclobutanes (BCBs) have emerged as a reliable approach for producing bicyclo[.1.1]alkanes such as azabicyclo[3.

SOCS6, an inhibitory factor in Japanese eel inhibits the type I IFN pathway and the MyD88-mediated NF-kB pathway.

SOCS family genes are a class of repressors in various signaling pathways of mammals involved in regulating immunity, growth, and development, but the information remains limited in teleost. The full-length cDNA sequence of the Japanese eel SOCS6 gene, named AjSOCS6, was first cloned and showed to encode 529 amino acids with a conserved SH2 structural domain and a typical structure of a C-terminal SOCS box. AjSOCS6 is evolutionarily close to that of rainbow trout and zebrafish.

Enantioselective formal (3 + 3) cycloaddition of bicyclobutanes with nitrones enabled by asymmetric Lewis acid catalysis.

The absence of catalytic asymmetric methods for synthesizing chiral (hetero)bicyclo[n.1.1]alkanes has hindered their application in new drug discovery.

FGF12 Positively Regulates Keratinocyte Proliferation by Stabilizing MDM2 and Inhibiting p53 Activity in Psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease characterized by abnormal proliferation and inflammation of epidermal keratinocytes. Fibroblast growth factor 12 (FGF12) is implicated in the regulation of diverse cellular signals; however, its precise mechanism in psoriasis requires further investigation. In this study, high expression of FGF12 is observed in the epidermis of skin lesion in psoriasis patients and imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis like-dermatitis.

Zinc-Catalyzed Enantioselective Formal (3+2) Cycloadditions of Bicyclobutanes with Imines: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes.

The cycloaddition reaction involving bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) offers a versatile and efficient synthetic platform for producing C(sp)-rich rigid bridged ring scaffolds, which act as phenyl bioisosteres.

Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative (4 + 3) cycloadditions of bicyclobutanes with 2-alkylidenetrimethylene carbonates for the synthesis of 2-oxabicyclo[4.1.1]octanes.

While cycloaddition reactions of bicyclobutanes (BCBs) have emerged as a potent method for synthesizing (hetero-)bicyclo[.1.1]alkanes (usually ≤ 3), their utilization in the synthesis of bicyclo[4.

Divergent Synthesis of Sulfur-Containing Bridged Cyclobutanes by Lewis Acid Catalyzed Formal Cycloadditions of Pyridinium 1,4-Zwitterionic Thiolates and Bicyclobutanes.

Bridged cyclobutanes and sulfur heterocycles are currently under intense investigation as building blocks for pharmaceutical drug design. Two formal cycloaddition modes involving bicyclobutanes (BCBs) and pyridinium 1,4-zwitterionic thiolate derivatives were described to rapidly expand the chemical space of sulfur-containing bridged cyclobutanes. By using Ni(ClO) as the catalyst, an uncommon higher-order (5+3) cycloaddition of BCBs with quinolinium 1,4-zwitterionic thiolate was achieved with broad substrate scope under mild reaction conditions.

Investigation on the effects of an elliptical wall on the dynamic behaviors of a bubble restricted by two parallel plates.

The present paper investigates the dynamic behaviors of a bubble restricted by two parallel plates near an elliptical wall. The typical experimental phenomena of the bubble are recorded employing the high-speed photography and a theoretical Kelvin impulse model is established. The impacts of the spatial position and the curvature of the wall on the bubble collapse behaviors are quantitatively investigated through the theoretical model and verified against the experimental results.

Palladium-Catalyzed Ligand-Controlled Switchable Hetero-(5 + 3)/Enantioselective [2σ+2σ] Cycloadditions of Bicyclobutanes with Vinyl Oxiranes.

For nearly 60 years, significant research efforts have been focused on developing strategies for the cycloaddition of bicyclobutanes (BCBs). However, higher-order cycloaddition and catalytic asymmetric cycloaddition of BCBs have been long-standing formidable challenges. Here, we report Pd-catalyzed ligand-controlled, tunable cycloadditions for the divergent synthesis of bridged bicyclic frameworks.

Switching between the [2π+2σ] and Hetero-[4π+2σ] Cycloaddition Reactivity of Bicyclobutanes with Lewis Acid Catalysts Enables the Synthesis of Spirocycles and Bridged Heterocycles.

The exploration of the complex chemical diversity of bicyclo[n.1.1]alkanes and their use as benzene bioisosteres has garnered significant attention over the past two decades.

Toll-interacting protein is activated by the transcription factor GATA1 and Sp1 to negatively regulate NF-κB and MAPK pathways in the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica).

Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) serves as a crucial inhibitory factor in the modulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated innate immunological responses. The structure and function of Tollip have been well documented in mammals, yet the information in teleost remained limited. This work employed in vitro overexpression and RNA interference in vivo and in vitro to comprehensively examine the regulatory effects of AjTollip on NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.

Photochemical α-selective radical ring-opening reactions of 1,3-disubstituted acyl bicyclobutanes with alkyl halides: modular access to functionalized cyclobutenes.

Although ring-opening reactions of bicyclobutanes bearing electron-withdrawing groups, typically with β-selectivity, have evolved as a powerful platform for synthesis of cyclobutanes, their application in the synthesis of cyclobutenes remains underdeveloped. Here, a novel visible light induced α-selective radical ring-opening reaction of 1,3-disubstituted acyl bicyclobutanes with alkyl radical precursors for the synthesis of functionalized cyclobutenes is described. In particular, primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl halides are all suitable substrates for this photocatalytic transformation, providing ready access to cyclobutenes with a single all-carbon quaternary center, or with two contiguous centers under mild reaction conditions.

CRFB5a, a Subtype of Japanese Eel () Type I IFN Receptor, Regulates Host Antiviral and Antimicrobial Functions through Activation of IRF3/IRF7 and LEAP2.

IFNAR1, one of the type I IFN receptors, is crucial to mammalian host defense against viral invasion. However, largely unknown is the immunological role of the fish teleost protein IFNAR1, also known as CRFB5. We have successfully cloned the whole cDNA of the Japanese eel's () CRFB5a homolog, CRFB5a.

Silver-Catalyzed Dearomative [2π+2σ] Cycloadditions of Indoles with Bicyclobutanes: Access to Indoline Fused Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes.

Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (BCHs) are becoming ever more important in drug design and development as bridged scaffolds that provide underexplored chemical space, but are difficult to access.

FGF18 alleviates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury via the USP16-mediated KEAP1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in male mice.

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common complication occurs during hepatic resection and transplantation. However, the mechanisms underlying hepatic IRI have not been fully elucidated. Here, we aim to explore the role of fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18) in hepatic IRI.

C(sp)-H cyclobutylation of hydroxyarenes enabled by silver-π-acid catalysis: diastereocontrolled synthesis of 1,3-difunctionalized cyclobutanes.

Ring-opening of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) is emerging as a powerful strategy for 1,3-difunctionalized cyclobutane synthesis.

Atom-economic and stereoselective catalytic synthesis of fully substituted enol esters/carbonates of amides in acyclic systems enabled by boron Lewis acid catalysis.

Carboacyloxylation of internal alkynes is emerging as a powerful and straightforward strategy for enol ester synthesis. However, the reported examples come with limitations, including the utilization of noble metal catalysts, the control of regio- and / selectivity, and an application in the synthesis of enol carbonates. Herein, a boron Lewis acid-catalyzed intermolecular carboacyloxylation of ynamides with esters to access fully substituted acyclic enol esters in high yield with generally high / selectivity (up to >96 : 4) is reported.

Validation and effect of the NASA-TLX score on the assessment of the workload of pediatric robotic operations.

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the validity of the NASA-TLX score in rating the workload of pediatric robotic operations.

Methods: The workload of 230 pediatric gastrointestinal and thoracic robotic operations was rated using the NASA-TLX score. The difference between the high workload group and the low workload group in each subscale of the NASA-TLX score was analyzed.

Boron Lewis Acid Catalysis Enables the Direct Cyanation of Benzyl Alcohols by Means of Isonitrile as Cyanide Source.

The development of an efficient and straightforward method for cyanation of alcohols is of great value. However, the cyanation of alcohols always requires toxic cyanide sources. Herein, an unprecedented synthetic application of an isonitrile as a safer cyanide source in B(CF)-catalyzed direct cyanation of alcohols is reported.

Immune function modulation during artificial ovarian maturation in Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica): A transcriptome profiling approach.

The Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) experiences dramatic internal and external environmental changes during its transoceanic reproductive migrations. Here, we assess immune function changes in the primary and secondary immune organs (head kidney and spleen) of A. japonica during artificial ovarian maturation at the previtellogenic (PV), midvitellogenic (MV), and ovulating (OV) stages by transcriptome analyses.

Injectable, Anti-Cancer Drug-Eluted Chitosan Microspheres against Osteosarcoma.

The purpose of this study is to fabricate different anti-cancer drug-eluted chitosan microspheres for combination therapy of osteosarcoma. In this study, electrospray in combination with ground liquid nitrogen was utilized to manufacture the microspheres. The size of obtained chitosan microspheres was uniform, and the average diameter was 532 μm.

Identification of IκBα in Japanese eel Anguilla japonica that impairs the IKKα-dependent activation of NF-κB, AP1, and type I IFN signaling pathways.

As a member of inhibitory κB family (IκB) family, IκBα is best-characterized and plays a central negative feedback regulator of NF-κB pathway in mammals, but the information about IκBα in the regulation of immune responses is still limited in teleost fishes. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of an IκBα homologue, AjIκBα, was cloned by 5' and 3' SMART RACE from Japanese eel, and its characteristics of expression in response to various PAMPs and A. hydrophila infection were investigated both in vivo and in vitro using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).