Enrichment of grape berries and tomato fruit with health-promoting tartaric acid by expression of the Vitis vinifera transketolase VvTK2 gene.

Tartaric acid (TA) is a major non-fermentable plant soluble acid that abundantly occur in grapes and wines, imparting low pH and tart flavour to berries thereby regulating numerous quality attributes of wine, such as flavour, microbial stability, and aging potential. Evaluation of acidity in mature fruits of 21 wine grape (Vitis vinifera) varieties revealed significant variation between 'Beichun' and 'Gewürztraminer', which was correlated with TA content. RNA-seq analysis of fruits from the two cultivars at different developmental stages revealed that a transketolase gene, VvTK2, was significantly dominantly expressed in the high TA phenotype 'Beichun' variety.

Hypofractionated concurrent chemoradiotherapy related lymphopenia and its association with survival in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Background: To evaluate longitudinal changes of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) related lymphopenia and its association with survival in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) patients.

Methods: Total lymphocyte count (TLC) at baseline, weekly intervals during CCRT and monthly intervals up to 12 months after CCRT were documented. The Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.

PRMT5-activated c-Myc promote bladder cancer proliferation and invasion through up-regulating NF-κB pathway.

Aim: PRMT5 and c-Myc were considered as oncogene of bladder cancer. Nevertheless, whether the interaction between of PRMT5 and c-Myc affect bladder cancer progress is unknown. Herein, we explore the above points and discuss deeply its' potential mechanism.

Sevoflurane induces inflammation of microglia in hippocampus of neonatal rats by inhibiting Wnt/β-Catenin/CaMKIV pathway.

Objective: To investigate the effect of sevoflurane on inflammation of microglia in hippocampus of neonatal rats, and to investigate whether the related mechanism is related to Wnt/β-Catenin/CaMKIV pathway.

Methods: Neonatal rats were anesthetized with 2% or 3% sevoflurane for 4 h a day for 3 consecutive days. Water maze test was used to detect the effect of sevoflurane anesthesia on memory function of neonatal rats.

Quantifying the Interfractional motion of Esophagus Using Daily Cone Beam Computed Tomography with Oral Contrast During Radiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: To quantify the interfractional motion of the esophagus during fractionated radiation therapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods And Materials: We registered simulation 4-dimensional computed tomography (CT) and daily cone beam CT (CBCT) and documented the motion of the esophagus centroid at 5-mm interval slices in right-left (RL) and anterior-posterior (AP) directions. Oral barium sulfate was administrated during CBCT to help localize the esophagus.

Author Correction: Whole-genome resequencing of 472 Vitis accessions for grapevine diversity and demographic history analyses.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Whole-genome resequencing of 472 Vitis accessions for grapevine diversity and demographic history analyses.

Understanding the Vitis species at the genomic level is important for cultivar improvement of grapevine. Here we report whole-genome genetic variation at single-base resolution of 472 Vitis accessions, which cover 48 out of 60 extant Vitis species from a wide geographic distribution. The variation helps to identify a recent dramatic expansion and contraction of effective population size in the domesticated grapevines and that cultivars from the pan-Black Sea region have a unique demographic history in comparison to the other domesticated cultivars.

Analyses of the factors influencing the accuracy of three-dimensional ultrasound in comparison with cone-beam CT in image-guided radiotherapy for prostate cancer with or without pelvic lymph node irradiation.

Background: Three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) is an attractive option in image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) for prostate cancer (PCa) patients. However, the potential factors influencing the accuracy of 3DUS in comparison with cone-beam CT (CBCT) in IGRT for PCa patients haven't been clearly identified.

Methods: The differences between US/US and CBCT/CT registrations were analyzed over 586 and 580 sessions for 24 and 25 PCa patients treated with or without pelvic lymph node irradiation, respectively.

Candidate Genes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Triterpenoid Saponins in Platycodon grandiflorum Identified by Transcriptome Analysis.

Background: Platycodon grandiflorum is the only species in the genus Platycodon of the family Campanulaceae, which has been traditionally used as a medicinal plant for its lung-heat-clearing, antitussive, and expectorant properties in China, Japanese, and Korean. Oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins were the main chemical components of P. grandiflorum and platycodin D was the abundant and main bioactive component, but little is known about their biosynthesis in plants.