Circabidian rhythm of sex pheromone reception in a scarab beetle.

Animals have endogenous clocks that regulate their behavior and physiology. These clocks rely on environmental cues (time givers) that appear approximately every 24 h due to the Earth's rotation; thus, most insects exhibit a circadian rhythm. One notable exception is the scarab beetle, Holotrichia parallela, a severe agricultural pest in China, Japan, South Korea, and India.

Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus alleviates the neurotoxicity of microcystin-LR in zebrafish (Danio rerio) through the gut-brain axis.

Microcystin-LR (MCLR) is one of the most toxic cyanobacterial toxins and is harmful to the central nervous system of fish. Probiotic additives can improve neuroendocrine function in fish. Although both MCLR and probiotics aim at the nervous system, whether they interact with each other and the mechanisms remain unexplored.

Involvement of Holotrichia parallela odorant-binding protein 3 in the localization of oviposition sites.

Organic fertilizers-derived volatiles attract Holotrichia parallela during oviposition. However, the mechanisms underlying the perception of oviposition cues in H. parallela remain unclear.

Molecular characterization of sex pheromone binding proteins from Holotrichia oblita (Coleoptera: Scarabaeida).

Pheromone binding proteins (PBPs), a subfamily of the odorant binding proteins (OBPs), capture and transfer sex pheromones across the sensillum lymph to pheromone receptors and initiate insect courtship and mating. In this study, we functionally characterized ten OBPs from the black chafer, Holotrichia oblita (HoblOBPs), among which six HoblOBPs (HoblOBP2, 4, 5, 8, 9 and 24) were shown to recognize sex pheromones using electroantennography assays (EAG) and in vitro fluorescence competitive binding assays. Insect tropism to sex pheromones was significantly reduced after those genes were knocked down in vivo, e.

Evidence of the Involvement of a Plus-C Odorant-Binding Protein HparOBP14 in Host Plant Selection and Oviposition of the Scarab Beetle .

is one of the agriculturally important scarab beetle pests in China. In this study, was cloned, which is the most abundantly expressed among the OBP genes in the legs of female adults. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed that HparOBP14 has a Plus-C structure motif.

Immune-related genes of the larval Holotrichia parallela in response to entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis beicherriana LF.

Background: Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) emerge as compatible alternatives to conventional insecticides in controlling Holotrichia parallela larvae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). However, the immune responses of H. parallela against EPNs infection remain unclear.

Environmentally relevant concentrations of bifenthrin induce changes in behaviour, biomarkers, histological characteristics, and the transcriptome in Corbicula fluminea.

Bifenthrin (BF) is an insecticide that is commonly used to control agricultural and domestic pests and is widespread in aquatic environments. Although previous studies have found that BF is toxic to aquatic organisms, such a comprehensive study of the mechanism of toxic effects in bivalves is not common. In this study, to assess the toxic effects of BF on bivalves, adult Corbicula fluminea (C.

Spatial Association Pattern of Air Pollution and Influencing Factors in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Air Pollution Transmission Channel: A Case Study in Henan Province.

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) air pollution transmission channel and its surrounding areas are of importance to air pollution control in China. Based on daily data of air quality index (AQI) and air pollutants (PM, PM, SO, NO, CO, and O) from 2015 to 2016, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of air pollution and influencing factors in Henan Province, a key region of the BTH air pollution transmission channel. The result showed that non-attainment days and NAQI were slightly improved at the provincial scale during the study period, whereas that in Hebi, Puyang, and Anyang became worse.

Effect of imidacloprid on the behavior, antioxidant system, multixenobiotic resistance, and histopathology of Asian freshwater clams (Corbicula fluminea).

In the current study, to investigate the effect of imidacloprid on benthic bivalves, adult Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea) were exposed to 0, 20, 200, and 2000 μg/L imidacloprid for 30 d. Imidacloprid significantly inhibited the siphoning and burrowing behaviour (p < 0.05) of the clams.

New cytokines and TLR pathway signaling molecules in Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus): Molecular characterization, basal expression, and their response to chlorpyrifos.

In this study, the cDNA fragments of cytokines (il-8) and toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway signaling molecules (myd88, irak-1, irf5, and irf7) in the Chinese rare minnow were cloned and exhibited a high amino-acid sequence identity compared to other cyprinid fish orthologs. The mRNA expressions of these genes in the different tissues (liver, brain, spleen, kidney, and skin) were observed. The highest expression levels of myd88, irak-1, and irf5 were detected in the spleen, whereas il-8 and irf7 were detected in the kidney and liver respectively.

Phenanthrene-Induced Apoptosis and Its Underlying Mechanism.

Phenanthrene (Phe) is one of the most abundant low-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Widespread human and aquatic organism exposure to Phe has been reported, but the toxic effects of Phe and potential mechanisms are unclear. We focused on the chronic hepatotoxicity of Phe in adult Chinese rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus) and the underlying mechanisms.

Halogen-free organophosphorus flame retardants caused oxidative stress and multixenobiotic resistance in Asian freshwater clams (Corbicula fluminea).

Halogen-free organophosphorus flame retardants are widespread in aquatic environments. Although it has been documented that they affect the behavior and reproduction of aquatic species, researches investigating cellular detoxification and the defense system in bivalves are scarce. In this study, adult Asian clams (C.

Identification and characterization of novel and conserved microRNAs in several tissues of the Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) based on illumina deep sequencing technology.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which comprise a large family of endogenous small non-coding RNA molecules, play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in various biological processes. The Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) is a Chinese native fish species and is used extensively as an experimental fish in China; however, relevant biological data, especially miRNA transcriptome data, have not been well documented. To discover conserved and potential novel miRNAs in Chinese rare minnows, a pool of equal amounts of RNA obtained from 6 different adult rare minnow tissues (brain, eye, gill, liver, muscle and heart) was sequenced using illumina deep sequencing technology.

Copper acute toxicity tests with Schizothorax o'connori Lloyd and Schizothorax waltoni Regan: a biomonitor of heavy metal pollution in a high altitude area?

Fingerlings of two different Schizothorax species, S. o'connori Lloyd and S. waltoni Regan, were exposed to copper for 264 h in a series of static toxicity tests.

Seasonal trophic shift of littoral consumers in eutrophic Lake Taihu (China) revealed by a two-source mixing model.

We evaluated the seasonal variation in the contributions of planktonic and benthic resources to 11 littoral predators in eutrophic Lake Taihu (China) from 2004 to 2005. Seasonal fluctuations in consumer delta 13C and delta 15N were attributed to the combined impacts of temporal variation in isotopic signatures of basal resources and the diet shift of fishes. Based on a two-end-member mixing model, all target consumers relied on energy sources from coupled benthic and planktonic pathways, but the predominant energy source for most species was highly variable across seasons, showing seasonal trophic shift of littoral consumers.

[Effects of panax notoginseng saponins on expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells injury induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein].

Objective: To study the protective effect of panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) for investigating the mechanism of PNS in treating arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO).

Methods: Taking the cultured HUVECs as target cells, ox-LDL was used to establish a model of injured HUVEC and it was then intervened by PNS. The morphologic changes of HUVEC were observed under light microscope; activity of cells was determined by MTT method; the adhesive percentage between ox-LDL treated HUVEC and monocyte detennined by protein quantification and the protein expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) determined by flow cytometry.

Present status and changes of the phytoplankton community after invasion of Neosalanx taihuensis since 1982 in a deep oligotrophic plateau lake, Lake Fuxian in the subtropical China.

Phytoplankton assemblages in the subtrophical oligotrophic Lake Fuxian, the second deepest lake in China, were investigated monthly from September 2002 to August 2003. A total of 113 species belonging to seven phyla were identified, among them, a filamentous green alga, Mougeotia sp., dominated almost throughout the study period and comprised most of the total phytoplankton biomass.

[Treatment of lower limb ischemia with combination of traditional Chinese medicine and transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells: a report of 23 cases].

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells combined with traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of limb ischemia.

Methods: Twenty-three patients with limb ischemia were treated. G-CSF was used to stimulate the bone marrow.