Burnout crisis in Chinese radiology: will artificial intelligence help?

Objectives: To assess the correlation between the use of artificial intelligence (AI) software and burnout in the radiology departments of hospitals in China.

Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional research design. From February to July 2024, an online survey was conducted among radiologists and technicians at 68 public hospitals in China.

Deep-MSIM: Fast Image Reconstruction with Deep Learning in Multifocal Structured Illumination Microscopy.

Fast and precise reconstruction algorithm is desired for for multifocal structured illumination microscopy (MSIM) to obtain the super-resolution image. This work proposes a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to learn a direct mapping from raw MSIM images to super-resolution image, which takes advantage of the computational advances of deep learning to accelerate the reconstruction. The method is validated on diverse biological structures and in vivo imaging of zebrafish at a depth of 100 µm.

Electrically Transduced Gas Sensors Based on Semiconducting Metal Oxide Nanowires.

Semiconducting metal oxide-based nanowires (SMO-NWs) for gas sensors have been extensively studied for their extraordinary surface-to-volume ratio, high chemical and thermal stabilities, high sensitivity, and unique electronic, photonic and mechanical properties. In addition to improving the sensor response, vast developments have recently focused on the fundamental sensing mechanism, low power consumption, as well as novel applications. Herein, this review provides a state-of-art overview of electrically transduced gas sensors based on SMO-NWs.

Novel Type of Synaptic Transistors Based on a Ferroelectric Semiconductor Channel.

Three-terminal synaptic transistors are basic units of neuromorphic computing chips, which may overcome the bottleneck of conventional von Neumann computing. So far, most of the three-terminal synaptic transistors use the dielectric layer to change the state of the channel and mimic the synaptic behavior. For this purpose, special dielectric layers are needed, such as ionic liquids, solid electrolytes, or ferroelectric insulators, which are difficult for miniaturization and integration.

Controlled Growth and Thickness-Dependent Conduction-Type Transition of 2D Ferrimagnetic Cr S Semiconductors.

2D magnetic materials have attracted intense attention as ideal platforms for constructing multifunctional electronic and spintronic devices. However, most of the reported 2D magnetic materials are mainly achieved by the mechanical exfoliation route. The direct synthesis of such materials is still rarely reported, especially toward thickness-controlled synthesis down to the 2D limit.

Photodetector based on heterostructure of two-dimensional WSe/InSe.

Heterojunctions formed by two-dimensional (2D) layered semiconducting materials have been studied extensively in the past few years. These van der Waals (vdW) structures have shown great potential for future electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, the optoelectronic performance of these devices is limited by the indirect band gap of multilayer materials and low light absorption of single layer materials.

UV-SWIR broad range photodetectors made from few-layer α-InSe nanosheets.

Photodetectors are very important for many applications. However, inexpensive infrared photodetectors with high performance at room temperature are still rare. Furthermore, it is still a great challenge to realize on-chip wide-spectrum detection by using conventional photodetectors.

Origin and mechanism analysis of asymmetric current fluctuations in single-molecule junctions.

The measurements of molecular electronic devices usually suffer from serious noise. Although noise hampers the operation of electric circuits in most cases, current fluctuations in single-molecule junctions are essentially related to their intrinsic quantum effects in the process of electron transport. Noise analysis can reveal and understand these processes from the behavior of current fluctuations.

Synergetic photoluminescence enhancement of monolayer MoS surface plasmon resonance and defect repair.

The weak light-absorption and low quantum yield (QY) in monolayer MoS are great challenges for the applications of this material in practical optoelectronic devices. Here, we report on a synergistic strategy to obtain highly enhanced photoluminescence (PL) of monolayer MoS by simultaneously improving the intensity of the electromagnetic field around MoS and the QY of MoS. Self-assembled sub-monolayer Au nanoparticles underneath the monolayer MoS and bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (TFSI) treatment to the MoS surface are used to boost the excitation field and the QY, respectively.

Tailoring two-dimensional nanoparticle arrays into various patterns.

A simple and effective technique has been developed to fabricate patterns of nanoparticle arrays. Lithographically fabricated structures in resists serve as scissors to tailor two-dimensional nanoparticle arrays on a flat poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp. The desired patterns of nanoparticle arrays remaining on the PDMS stamp after tailoring can be printed onto solid substrates.

Stereoelectronic Effect-Induced Conductance Switching in Aromatic Chain Single-Molecule Junctions.

Biphenyl, as the elementary unit of organic functional materials, has been widely used in electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, over decades little has been fundamentally understood regarding how the intramolecular conformation of biphenyl dynamically affects its transport properties at the single-molecule level. Here, we establish the stereoelectronic effect of biphenyl on its electrical conductance based on the platform of graphene-molecule single-molecule junctions, where a specifically designed hexaphenyl aromatic chain molecule is covalently sandwiched between nanogapped graphene point contacts to create stable single-molecule junctions.

Highly effective and uniform SERS substrates fabricated by etching multi-layered gold nanoparticle arrays.

Gold nanoparticle multilayers printed on silicon substrates layer by layer were etched by a gold etchant to form highly effective and uniform substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The performance of the SERS substrates was systematically studied by adjusting the number of nanoparticle layers and the etching time. The optimized enhancement factor (EF) and the detection limit of the substrates were determined to be 8.

Strong Resistance to Bending Observed for Nanoparticle Membranes.

We demonstrate how gold nanoparticle monolayers can be curled up into hollow scrolls that make it possible to extract both bending and stretching moduli from indentation by atomic force microscopy. We find a bending modulus that is 2 orders of magnitude larger than predicted by standard continuum elasticity, an enhancement we associate with nonlocal microstructural constraints. This finding opens up new opportunities for independent control of resistance to bending and stretching at the nanoscale.

Electronic transport in benzodifuran single-molecule transistors.

Benzodifuran (BDF) single-molecule transistors have been fabricated in electromigration break junctions for electronic measurements. The inelastic electron tunneling spectrum validates that the BDF molecule is the pathway of charge transport. The gating effect is analyzed in the framework of a single-level tunneling model combined with transition voltage spectroscopy (TVS).

Fabrication of freestanding nanoparticle membranes over wells.

Freestanding nanoparticle membranes over circular wells are prepared by utilizing surface engineering. The crucial step of this method is the hydrophobic treatment of the substrate surface, which causes the water droplet to be suspended over wells during drying. Consequently, the nanoparticle monolayer self-assembled at the surface of the water droplet would drape itself over wells instead of being dragged into wells and ruptured into patches after the evaporation of water.

Dimensionality-dependent charge transport in close-packed nanoparticle arrays: from 2D to 3D.

Charge transport properties in close-packed nanoparticle arrays with thickness crossing over from two dimensions to three dimensions have been studied. The dimensionality transition of nanoparticle arrays was realized by continually printing spatially well-defined nanoparticle monolayers on top of the device in situ. The evolution of charge transport properties depending on the dimensionality has been investigated in both the Efros-Shaklovskii variable-range-hopping (ES-VRH) (low temperature) regime and the sequential hopping (SH) (medium temperature) regime.

Controllability of the Coulomb charging energy in close-packed nanoparticle arrays.

We studied the electronic transport properties of metal nanoparticle arrays, particularly focused on the Coulomb charging energy. By comparison, we confirmed that it is more reasonable to estimate the Coulomb charging energy using the activation energy from the temperature-dependent zero-voltage conductance. Based on this, we systematically and comprehensively investigated the parameters that could be used to tune the Coulomb charging energy in nanoparticle arrays.

Patterned close-packed nanoparticle arrays with controllable dimensions and precise locations.

Patterned close-packed nanoparticle arrays are fabricated using lithography and self-assembly. Microcontact printing is used to selectively transfer ordered nanoparticle monolayers, which are self-assembled at the air/water interface, onto relief structures, which are defined lithographically. The morphology and position of the nanoparticle arrays are determined by the relief structures, while the internal order of the arrays is achieved through the self-assembly process and is maintained during the transfer.

Inhibiting CO formation by adjusting surface composition in PtAu alloys for methanol electrooxidation.

CO poisoning during methanol electrooxidation was investigated on PtAu alloys with different surface compositions. Results show that the CO formation can be reduced gradually with increasing surface Au fractions in PtAu alloys and CO poisoning can be almost eliminated by adjusting to a proper surface Au fraction.