GastroBot: a Chinese gastrointestinal disease chatbot based on the retrieval-augmented generation.

Introduction: Large Language Models (LLMs) play a crucial role in clinical information processing, showcasing robust generalization across diverse language tasks. However, existing LLMs, despite their significance, lack optimization for clinical applications, presenting challenges in terms of illusions and interpretability. The Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) model addresses these issues by providing sources for answer generation, thereby reducing errors.

CPMI-ChatGLM: parameter-efficient fine-tuning ChatGLM with Chinese patent medicine instructions.

Chinese patent medicine (CPM) is a typical type of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation that uses Chinese herbs as raw materials and is an important means of treating diseases in TCM. Chinese patent medicine instructions (CPMI) serve as a guide for patients to use drugs safely and effectively. In this study, we apply a pre-trained language model to the domain of CPM.

Optimization of pneumonia CT classification model using RepVGG and spatial attention features.

Introduction: Pneumonia is a common and widespread infectious disease that seriously affects the life and health of patients. Especially in recent years, the outbreak of COVID-19 has caused a sharp rise in the number of confirmed cases of epidemic spread. Therefore, early detection and treatment of pneumonia are very important.

A novel biochar composite derived from oil-based drill sludge and cuttings: Structural characterization and electrochemical properties.

How to dispose of large quantities of hazardous shale gas drilling waste is an important worldwide problem facing the oil and gas industry. In this study, we report an environmentally friendly and low energy consumption approach (carbonization followed by activation) to convert oil-based drill sludge (OBDS) and oil-based drill cuttings (OBDCs) into biochar composites and investigate the effect of hydrofluoric acid (HF) acidification on them. The biochar composites were prepared using the OBDS, OBDCs, the mixtures of OBDS and OBDCs, and HF treatment the mixtures were named OS, OC, OSC, and OSC-HF, respectively.

Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy Severity in Fundus Images Using the Vision Transformer and Residual Attention.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common retinal vascular disease, which can cause severe visual impairment. It is of great clinical significance to use fundus images for intelligent diagnosis of DR. In this paper, an intelligent DR classification model of fundus images is proposed.

Acupuncture Enhances Dorsal Raphe Functional Connectivity in Knee Osteoarthritis With Chronic Pain.

Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis is a common disease in the elderly. Patients suffer from long-term chronic pain and reduced life quality. Acupuncture has been proven to be an effective treatment for KOA.

Hydraulic traits are coupled with plant anatomical traits under drought-rewatering cycles in Ginkgo biloba L.

Investigating the responses of plant anatomical traits of trees to drought-rewatering cycles helps us to understand their responses to climate change; however, such work has not been adequately reported. In this study, Ginkgo biloba L. saplings were subjected to moderate, severe, extreme and lethal drought conditions by withholding water according to the percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) and rewatering on a regular basis.

[Differences in atmospheric CO concentration and δC value between green spaces and its adjacent roads as well as the influencing factors in Beijing, China].

Near-surface atmospheric CO concentration and δC value in four greenspaces and on their adjacent roads in Beijing were measured by off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy to analyze the influence of urban greenspace on spatial distribution of near-surface atmospheric CO. The results showed that atmospheric CO concentration and δC value varied substantially both temporally and spatially. The highest CO concentration was found in the urban area, followed by the suburbs, and the lowest CO concentration was in the outer suburbs.

Hyperadrenocorticism of calorie restriction contributes to its anti-inflammatory action in mice.

Calorie restriction (CR), which lengthens lifespan in many species, is associated with moderate hyperadrenocorticism and attenuated inflammation. Given the anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids, we tested the hypothesis that the hyperadrenocorticism of CR contributes to its attenuated inflammatory response. We used a corticotropin-releasing-hormone knockout (CRHKO) mouse, which is glucocorticoid insufficient.

Comparison of activated carbon and iron/cerium modified activated carbon to remove methylene blue from wastewater.

The methylene blue (MB) removal abilities of raw activated carbon and iron/cerium modified raw activated carbon (Fe-Ce-AC) by adsorption were researched and compared. The characteristics of Fe-Ce-AC were examined by N adsorption, zeta potential measurement, FTIR, Raman, XRD, XPS, SEM and EDS. After modification, the following phenomena occurred: The BET surface area, average pore diameter and total pore volume decreased; the degree of graphitization also decreased.

[Differences and sources of CO2 concentration, carbon and oxygen stable isotope composition between inside and outside of a green space system and influencing factors in an urban area].

The off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy technique was used to measure air CO2 concentration, stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18C) isotope ratios on the Fourth Ring Road (FRR) and in the green space system of Beijing Institute of Landscape Architecture (BILA) in summer and winter seasons. The variations of CO2 concentration, δ13C value, δ18C value and the differences of them between the FRR and the BILA, which were correlated with traffic volume and meteorological factors, were analyzed at half-hour timescale. The results showed that traffic volume on the FRR was large both in summer and winter with obvious morning and evening rush hours, and more than 150 thousands vehicles were observed everyday during the observation periods.

Tight focusing of femtosecond radially polarized light pulses through a dielectric interface.

Based on the Richards-Wolf vector diffraction theory, we have derived the expressions for the electric field and the propagation velocity of femtosecond radially polarized light pulses focused by a high numerical aperture (NA) objective. The intensity distribution in the focus, wavefront spacings, and propagation velocity variation near the focus are investigated in detail by using numerical calculations. It is found that the propagation velocity of focused ultrashort light pulses changes dramatically near the focus, and the propagation velocity of the focused laser pulse is strongly dependent on the NA of an objective and the refractive index of media.

Tight focusing of a double-ring-shaped, azimuthally polarized beam through a dielectric interface.

We investigate the tight focusing properties of a double-ring-shaped, azimuthally polarized vector beam (DRS-APVB) by use of vectorial Debye theory. It is shown that a dark channel with an ultralong depth of focus (~106λ) and subwavelength focal holes (~0.5λ) can be generated by focusing a DRS-APVB through a dielectric interface with an annular high-numerical aperture (NA) objective lens.

Selection of a representative matrix for the multiresidue analysis of nine β-agonists in animal tissues and urine with LC-MS/MS.

In the determination of nine β-agonists including salbutamol, terbutaline, cimaterol, fenoterol, clorprenaline, ractopamine, tulobuterol, clenbuterol and penbuterol in porcine, bovine, lamb and chicken muscle, liver and urine samples with LC-MS/MS, calibration curves prepared in solvent (SC) were compared with those prepared in each matrix (MC) for all analytes. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between SC and each MC for most analytes indicated the existence of matrix effects and the necessity of using MC for quantitation to compensate MEs.

Radiation forces on a Rayleigh particle by highly focused partially coherent and radially polarized vortex beams.

The radiation force of highly focused partially coherent and radially polarized vortex beams on a Rayleigh particle is theoretically studied. The dependence of the radiation force on coherence lengths, beam widths, topological charges of incident vortex beams, and numerical apertures of an objective is analyzed. The transverse scattering force is also investigated.

Melatonin fails to modulate immune parameters influenced by calorie restriction in aging Fischer 344 rats.

The aim of this study was to determine if long-term treatment with melatonin (MEL), a purported anti-aging agent, was as effective as calorie restriction (CR) in modulating immune parameters in aging Fischer 344 male rats. Splenic lymphocytes were isolated from 17-month-old rats that, beginning at 6 weeks of age, were treated with MEL (4 or 16 microg/ml in drinking water) and from 17-month-old rats fed ad libitum (AL) or rats fed a CR diet (55% of AL intake). The number of splenic T cell populations and T cell subsets was measured by flow cytometry, the proliferative response of splenocytes to Concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was measured by [(3)H]thymidine incorporation, and the induction of cytokine production (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) was measured by ELISA assay.