Endoscopic perichondrium-cartilage H type technique for repairing chronic kidney-shaped perforations with 3 years of follow-up.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate graft outcomes and complications of endoscopic perichondrium-cartilage H type technique for repairing chronic kidney-shaped perforation with 3 years of follow-up.

Material And Methods: Adult patients with chronic kidney-shaped perforation underwent endoscopic perichondrium-cartilage H type technique. The graft outcomes and complications were evaluated at 36 months after surgery.

Exploring competencies: a qualitative study of Chinese nurse managers.

Aim: To identify core competencies needed in the transition of nurse managers on the way to excellence.

Background: There is growing recognition of the importance of nurse managers in hospitals. Most managers still learn through their failures and few studies have described the perceptions of nurse managers in China.