Global trends and spatial drivers of diabetes mellitus mortality, 1990-2019: a systematic geographical analysis.

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of death worldwide, and multiple risk factors associated with diabetes mortality.

Methods: Employing spatial statistics, we characterized the spatial distribution and patterns of diabetes mortality, and revealed the spatial relationship between diabetes mortality and 11 socioeconomic and environmental risk factors at the country level, from 1990 to 2019.

Results: Globally, significantly high rates of diabetes mortality were primarily clustered in countries with limited land areas or located on islands, such as Fiji, Kiribati, Eswatini, and Trinidad and Tobago.