Characteristics of genomic alterations and heavy metals in hypertensive patients with non‑small cell lung cancer.

Both lung cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are prevalent diseases that contribute to global mortality rates. Although individuals with CVD may face an elevated risk of cancer based on the presence of shared risk factors (such as tobacco smoking and excessive body weight), the roles of somatic mutations and heavy metal distributions remain unknown. The present study aimed to explore the differences in somatic mutations and heavy metal distributions between hypertensive patients and non-hypertensive patients in a cohort of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Negative response to immunotherapy in dMMR or MSI-H gastric cancer with APC and PTEN mutations: a case report.

Background: Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) represents a distinct molecular phenotype observed in malignant tumors. These tumors typically exhibit high levels of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and high tumor mutational burden (TMB), resulting in an enhanced response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) therapy. The emergence of ICI has transformed the therapeutic strategy of gastric cancer (GC).

Clinical characteristics and biomarkers of severe immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis triggered by immunotherapy followed by radiation: a case report.

Background: The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment landscape for tumor patients, dramatically improving survival rate. However, patients treated with immunotherapy are inevitably at risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (ICI-P) is an important type of IrAEs with a potentially lethal risk, which should be given more attention.

Effect of auto flash margin on superficial dose in breast conserving radiotherapy for breast cancer.

Purpose: To investigate the dose-effect of Auto Flash Margin (AFM) on breast cancer's superficial tissues based on the Treatment Planning System (TPS) in the breast-conserving radiotherapy plan.

Methods: A total of 16 breast-conserving patients with early stage breast cancer were selected, using the X-ray Voxel Monte Carlo (XVMC) algorithm. Then, every included case plan was designed using a 2 cm-AFM (the value of AFM is 2 cm) and N-AFM (without AFM).

Enhancements of Cancer Cell Damage Efficiencies in Photothermal and Photodynamic Processes through Cell Perforation and Preheating with Surface Plasmon Resonance of Gold Nanoring.

The methods of cell perforation and preheating are used for increasing cell uptake efficiencies of gold nanorings (NRIs), which have the localized surface plasmon resonance wavelength around 1064 nm, and photosensitizer, AlPcS, and hence enhancing the cell damage efficiency through the photothermal (PT) and photodynamic (PD) effects. The perforation and preheating effects are generated by illuminating a defocused 1064-nm femtosecond (fs) laser and a defocused 1064-nm continuous (cw) laser, respectively. Cell damage is produced by illuminating cell samples with a focused 1064-nm cw laser through the PT effect, a focused 1064-nm fs laser through both PT and PD effects, and a focused 660-nm cw laser through the PD effect.

Exocytosis of gold nanoparticle and photosensitizer from cancer cells and their effects on photodynamic and photothermal processes.

We first illustrate the faster decrease of the photothermal (PT) effect with the delay time of laser treatment, in which the illumination of a 1064 nm laser effectively excites the localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance of cell-up-taken gold nanoring (NRI) linked with a photosensitizer (PS), when compared with the photodynamic (PD) effect produced by the illumination of a 660 nm laser for effective PS excitation. The measurement results of the metal contents of Au NRI and PS based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy and the PS fluorescence intensity based on flow cytometry show that the linkage of NRI and PS is rapidly broken for releasing PS through the effect of glutathione in lysosome after cell uptake. Meanwhile, NRI escapes from a cell with a high rate such that the PT effect decays fast while the released PS can stay inside a cell longer for producing a prolonged PD effect.

Cancer cell death pathways caused by photothermal and photodynamic effects through gold nanoring induced surface plasmon resonance.

The different death pathways of cancer cells under the conditions of the photothermal (PT), effect, photodynamic (PD) effect, and their combination are evaluated. By incubating cells with Au nanoring (NRI) either linked with the photosensitizer, AlPcS, or not, the illumination of a visible continuous laser for exciting the photosensitizer or an infrared femtosecond laser for exciting the localized surface plasmon resonance of Au NRI, leads to various PT and PD conditions for study. Three different staining dyes are used for identifying the cell areas of different damage conditions at different temporal points of observation.

Combination of photothermal and photodynamic inactivation of cancer cells through surface plasmon resonance of a gold nanoring.

We demonstrate effective inactivation of oral cancer cells SAS through a combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) effects based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) around 1064 nm in wavelength of a Au nanoring (NRI) under femtosecond (fs) laser illumination. The PTT effect is caused by the LSPR-enhanced absorption of the Au NRI. The PDT effect is generated by linking the Au NRI with the photosensitizer of sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanines (AlPcS) for producing singlet oxygen through the LSPR-enhanced two-photon absorption (TPA) excitation of AlPcS.