Effect of brine concentration on the quality of salted large yellow croaker during processing and refrigeration.

Unlabelled: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of brine concentrations (4%, 8%, 12%, 16%) on the quality of salted large yellow croakers. During the wet salting processing, increased salinity inhibited myogenic fibers swelling and extracellular space expansion, and resulted in lower water content and higher salt content of salted large yellow croaker products. During refrigeration of salted large yellow croakers at 4 °C for 24 days, SDS-PAGE patterns showed that high salinity slowed down the degradation of proteins, which was further confirmed by changes in free amino acids (FAAs) and biogenic amine contents.

Simultaneous removal of chlorothalonil and nitrate by Bacillus cereus strain NS1.

Elevated NO3- and chlorothalonil (CTN) have been found in production nursery recycling ponds. Bacillus cereus strain NS1 isolated from nursery recycling pond sediment was assessed for its ability to reduce NO3- and degrade CTN in a mineral medium. The results showed that the efficiency of NO3- reduction and CTN degradation by B.

Sorption and degradation of pesticides in nursery recycling ponds.

Knowledge of pesticide distribution and persistence in nursery recycling pond water and sediment is critical for preventing phytotoxicity of pesticides during water reuse and to assess their impacts to the environment. In this study, sorption and degradation of four commonly used pesticides (diazinon, chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, and pendimethalin) in sediments from two nursery recycling ponds was investigated. Results showed that diazinon and chlorothalonil were moderately sorbed [K(OC) (soil organic carbon distribution coefficient) from 732 to 2.

Degradation of pesticides in nursery recycling pond waters.

Recycling or collection ponds are often used in outdoor container nursery production to capture and recycle runoff water and fertilizers. Waters in recycling ponds generally have high concentrations of nutrients, pesticides, and dissolved organic matter, as well as elevated salinity and turbidity. Little is known about pesticide degradation behavior in the unique environment of nursery recycling ponds.

PCB congeners and dechlorination in sediments of Sheboygan River, Wisconsin, determined by matrix factorization.

Nine sediment cores were collected from the Sheboygan River Inner Harbor, WI, and analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners. Total PCBs ranged from approximately 0 to 161 mg/g. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to the PCB data setto determine source profiles.

Distinguishing sources of groundwater nitrate by 1H NMR of dissolved organic matter.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) originating from a certain source usually carries characteristic marks in its molecular structures that can be recognized by spectroscopic analysis. Sources of water-borne contaminants, such as nitrate, can be identified by recognition of the characteristics of DOM entrained in the water. In this study, DOM in groundwaters sampled from a dairy/crop production area (Chino Basin, CA) was analyzed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR).

Determination of polyacrylamide in soil waters by size exclusion chromatography.

Determination of polyacrylamide (PAM) concentration in soil waters is important in improving the efficiency of PAM application and understanding the environmental fate of applied PAM. In this study, concentrations of anionic PAM with high molecular weight in soil waters containing salts and dissolved organic matter (DOM) were determined quantitatively by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with ultraviolet (UV) absorbance detection. Polyacrylamide was separated from interferential salts and DOM on a polymeric gel column eluted with an aqueous solution of 0.

Polyacrylamide distribution in columns of organic matter-removed soils following surface application.

Knowledge of how polyacrylamide (PAM) penetrates and distributes in a soil profile after application in irrigation water is important for understanding PAM conditioning depth and evaluating its environmental effects. Little is known, however, about PAM distribution in soil because of the difficulty in quantifying PAM content in natural soils. By using a recently modified substrate-borne PAM quantification method, PAM distribution in columns of organic matter-removed soils was determined.

Visualizing bromide and iodide water tracer in soil profiles by spray methods.

In this study we developed and tested a spray method to visualize bromide water tracer in soil profiles. The method is based on the transformation reaction of a white precipitate into a colored one (Prussian blue) in the presence of Br-. After application of water containing bromide (0.

Spectrophotometric determination of substrate-borne polyacrylamide.

Polyacrylamides (PAMs) have wide application in many industries and in agriculture. Scientific research and industrial applications manifested a need for a method that can quantify substrate-borne PAM. The N-bromination method (a PAM analytical technique based on N-bromination of amide groups and spectrophotometric determination of the formed starch-triiodide complex), which was originally developed for determining PAM in aqueous solutions, was modified to quantify substrate-borne PAM.

Picloram and napropamide sorption as affected by polymer addition and salt concentration.

Polymer application to soil is a growing practice to improve soil physical properties and reduce soil erosion. Polymer addition can potentially influence herbicide and pesticide sorption in soil. The one-point distribution coefficient Kd values of two herbicides in the absence and presence of each of 10 polymers (7 polyacrylamides and 3 polysaccharides) were determined by the batch equilibrium method.

Anionic polyacrylamide effects on soil sorption and desorption of metolachlor, atrazine, 2,4-D, and picloram.

Polyacrylamide (PAM) treatment of irrigation water is a growing conservation technology in irrigated agriculture in recent years. There is a concern regarding the environmental impact of PAM after its application. The effects of anionic PAM on the sorption characteristics of four widely used herbicides (metolachlor, atrazine, 2,4-D, and picloram) on two natural soils were assessed in batch equilibrium experiments.