The Influence of Neck Muscle Activation on Head and Neck Injuries of Occupants in Frontal Impacts.

The aim of the present paper was to study the influence of neck muscle activation on head and neck injuries of vehicle occupants in frontal impacts. A mixed dummy-human finite element model was developed to simulate a frontal impact. The head-neck part of a Hybrid III dummy model was replaced by a well-validated head-neck FE model with passive and active muscle characteristics.

Area, length and mineralization content of new bone at bone-tendon junction predict its repair quality.

We investigated the hypothesis that if the area, length, and mineralization of newly formed bone could be used to predict the healing quality of patella-patellar tendon (PPT) junction after partial patellectomy. Twenty-four rabbits underwent partial patellectomy and their PPT complexes of the operated limbs were harvested at weeks 6, 12, and 18 postoperatively. The area, length, and mineralization of newly formed bone at PPT junction healing interface was evaluated radiographically and peripheral quantitative computational tomographically.