Semirational Design of a UDP-Glycosyltransferase from for Efficient Biosynthesis of Rebaudioside M2.

Rebaudioside M2 (RebM2) is characterized as 13-[(2--β-d-glucopyranosyl-3--β-d-glucopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy] ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid-[(2--β-d-glucopyranosyl-6--β-d-glucopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl) ester], an isomer of rebaudioside M with a 1 → 6 sugar linkage. The product was found in the biotransformation of rebaudioside D (RebD) catalyzed by a glycosyltransferase from (UGT). Herein, guided by consensus engineering and molecular dynamics simulations, a variant UGT with enhanced activity and thermostability was obtained.

Engineering UDP-Glycosyltransferase UGTPg29 for the Efficient Synthesis of Ginsenoside Rg3 from Protopanaxadiol.

Rare ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2, which exhibit diverse pharmacological effects, are derivatives of protopanaxadiol (PPD). UDP-glycosyltransferases, such as the M315F variant of Bs-YjiC (Bs-YjiCm) from Bacillus subtilis and UGTPg29 from Panax ginseng, can efficiently convert PPD into Rh2 and Rh2 into Rg3, respectively. In the present study, the N178I mutation of Bs-YjiCm was introduced, resulting in an increase in Rh2 production.

Transparent Silica Aerogels: Optical and Chemical Design, Controlled Synthesis, and Emerging Applications.

Transparent silica aerogel, serving as one typical porous and transparent material, possesses various unique features (e. g., large amounts of pores and interfaces, super-lightweight, super thermal insulation, low refractive index similar to gas), and it has attracted great attention in the fields of science, technology, engineering, art, and others.

Towards a Deeper Understanding of Global Covariance Pooling in Deep Learning: An Optimization Perspective.

Global covariance pooling (GCP) as an effective alternative to global average pooling has shown good capacity to improve deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in a variety of vision tasks. Although promising performance, it is still an open problem on how GCP (especially its post-normalization) works in deep learning. In this paper, we make the effort towards understanding the effect of GCP on deep learning from an optimization perspective.

First report of cobweb disease in Auricularia cornea caused by Hypomyces mycophilus in Guizhou, China.

Auricularia cornea is a widely cultivated mushroom in China, which has high medicinal values such as hemostaticity, analgesia, antioxidation and anti-tumor (Wu et al., 2019). In 2022, an investigation on edible mushroom diseases in Guizhou Province observed a suspected cobweb disease in an A.

Runt-related transcription factor 3, mediated by DNA-methyltransferase 1, regulated Schwann cell proliferation and myelination during peripheral nerve regeneration via JAK/STAT signaling pathway.

Schwann cells (SCs) play a crucial role in peripheral nerve injury and regeneration. Recently, RUNX3 was found to be linked with neurological dysfunction. We examined the RUNX3 expression in sciatic nerve stumps with peripheral nerve injury of rats, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-induced SCs.

PHOSPHO1 Serves as a Key Metabolism-Related Biomarker in the Tumorigenesis of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma.

Objective: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Due to its genetic heterogeneity and abnormal metabolism, many DLBCL patients have a poor prognosis. This study investigated the key metabolism-related genes and potential mechanisms.

Nigericin exerts anticancer effects through inhibition of the SRC/STAT3/BCL-2 in osteosarcoma.

The treatment of osteosarcoma has reached a bottleneck period in recent 30 years, there is an urgent need to find new drugs and treatment methods. Nigericin, an antibiotic derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, has exerted promising antitumoral effect in various tumors. The anticancer effect of Nigericin in human osteosarcoma has never been reported.

Detachable Second-Order Pooling: Toward High-Performance First-Order Networks.

Second-order pooling has proved to be more effective than its first-order counterpart in visual classification tasks. However, second-order pooling suffers from the high demand for a computational resource, limiting its use in practical applications. In this work, we present a novel architecture, namely a detachable second-order pooling network, to leverage the advantage of second-order pooling by first-order networks while keeping the model complexity unchanged during inference.

Deep CNNs Meet Global Covariance Pooling: Better Representation and Generalization.

Compared with global average pooling in existing deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), global covariance pooling can capture richer statistics of deep features, having potential for improving representation and generalization abilities of deep CNNs. However, integration of global covariance pooling into deep CNNs brings two challenges: (1) robust covariance estimation given deep features of high dimension and small sample size; (2) appropriate usage of geometry of covariances. To address these challenges, we propose a global Matrix Power Normalized COVariance (MPN-COV) Pooling.

Resveratrol protects early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage by activating autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis mediated by the Akt/mTOR pathway.

Early brain injury (EBI) plays a key role in determining the prognosis of patients suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, serves a neuroprotection function on EBI after SAH. However, the potential mechanism of resveratrol on EBI remains to be elucidated.

The Diagnostic and Prognostic Role of Interleukin 12B and Interleukin 6R Gene Polymorphism in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis.

Objectives: Interleukin 23 (IL-23) pathway and IL-1 cluster genes play prominent role in the etiopathology of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic role of 5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to IL-23 pathway and IL-1 cluster genes in AS patients.

Methods: Four hundred thirty-one patients with AS and 206 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited in this prospective cohort study.

Comparison of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy versus open lumbar microdiscectomy for lumbar disc herniation: A meta-analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical results of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) and open lumbar microdiscectomy (OLM) for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH).

Methods: Randomized controlled trials or non-randomized controlled trials published from the time when databases were built to March 2016 that compared the clinical effectiveness of PELD and OLM surgical approaches for the treatment of LDH were acquired by a comprehensive search in four electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane library). A total of 7 studies (1389 patients) were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis.

Three single nucleotide polymorphisms of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene and glioma risk in a Chinese population.

Objective: To investigate the association between three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene and the risk of glioma in a Han Chinese population.

Methods: This hospital-based case-control study used polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to detect three SNPs (-634 G/C, +936 C/T and +1612 G/A) of the VEGF gene in patients with glioma compared with healthy control subjects.

Results: The study investigated 880 patients with gliomas and 880 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects.

Hypoxia regulates reactive oxygen species levels in SHG-44 glioma cells.

In the present study, cultured human SHG-44 glioma cells were subjected to a hypoxic environment simulated using the CoCl2 method. Flow cytometry showed increased reactive oxygen species production in these cells. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR showed significantly increased hypoxia-inducible factor-1α mRNA expression in cells exposed to the hypoxic condition.

Enhanced external counterpulsation and traction therapy ameliorates rotational vertebral artery flow insufficiency resulting from cervical spondylosis.

Study Design: Clinical trial of patients with rotational vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) resulting from cervical spondylosis.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) and traction therapy for these patients.

Summary Of Background Data: EECP would reduce arterial stiffness and vascular resistance, and increase regional blood flow of vertebral arteries, thus may ameliorate symptoms in these patients.

Synthesis and antiviral activity against Coxsackie virus B3 of some novel benzimidazole derivatives.

Some benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral properties. Compounds 20 and 21 showed potent selective activity against Coxsackie virus B(3) in VERO cells. Some structure-activity relationships were discussed.

[Experimental study on stimulation of guided bone regeneration by autogenous bone marrow].

Objective: To study the effect of autogenous bone marrow on guided bone regeneration (GBR), and evaluate the repairing ability of GBR in bone defect with autogenous bone marrow.

Methods: Ten mm segmental defects were produced in both radii of 18 rabbits. The defect was bridged with a silicon tube.