Effect of chitooligosaccharides with a specific degree of polymerization on multiple targets in T2DM mice.

Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are found naturally in the ocean and present a variety of physiological activities, of which hypoglycemic action has attracted considerable research attention. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of COS on mice suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). COS effectively reduced blood glucose and blood lipid levels and improved glucose tolerance.

CD36 and DGAT2 facilitate the lipid-lowering effect of chitooligosaccharides fatty acid intake and triglyceride synthesis signaling.

This study examined the impact of chitobiose (GlcN) and chitotriose (GlcN) on lipid accumulation modification and their inhibitory functionalities. (GlcN) and (GlcN) significantly inhibited the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipid cholesterol (LDL-c) levels in the liver of the ob/ob mice fed a non-high-fat diet. This phenomenon was associated with a reduction in the mRNA and protein expression of TG synthesis and fatty acid uptake-related signaling, significantly affecting the cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2).

Current innovations in nutraceuticals and functional foods for intervention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

As innovations in global agricultural production and food trading systems lead to major dietary shifts, high morbidity rates from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), accompanied by elevated risk of lipid metabolism-related complications, has emerged as a growing problem worldwide. Treatment and prevention of NAFLD and chronic liver disease depends on the availability of safe, effective, and diverse therapeutic agents, the development of which is urgently needed. Supported by a growing body of evidence, considerable attention is now focused on interventional approaches that combines nutraceuticals and functional foods.

Chitooligosaccharides display anti-tumor effects against human cervical cancer cells via the apoptotic and autophagic pathways.

Gynecological cancers are the most commonly diagnosed forms of cancer among the female population. Chitooligosaccharides (COS)-hydrolysis products from chitosan-display high bioavailability, high water solubility, and low molecular weight properties. Here, we investigated the influence of COS on 11 gynecological tumor cell types, and subsequently elucidated molecular mechanisms through which the observed inhibition occurred.