New Insights into the Changes of the Proteome and Microbiome of Shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei) Stored in Acidic Electrolyzed Water Ice.

Acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) ice is a novel technique for prolonging the shelf life of foods, but there is limited knowledge of its preservation mechanism. A proteomics approach and 16S rRNA-based Illumina sequencing were employed to investigate the changes of key proteins and bacterial communities in shrimp stored in AEW ice and tap water ice (TW ice) for 7 days. Compared with TW ice, AEW ice markedly retards the degradation of myofibrillar proteins in shrimp, including myosin, actin, and tropomyosin.

Acidic electrolysed water delays browning by destroying conformation of polyphenoloxidase.

Background: Browning frequently occurs at fruits, vegetables and aquatic products during storage, and it drastically reduces the consumer's acceptability, with considerable financial loss. The objective of this paper was to investigate the effects of acidic electrolysed water (AEW) technology on polyphenoloxidase (PPO), which is an essential enzyme for browning.

Results: AEW ice exhibited a good ability in delaying browning in shrimp.

Spatial Analysis of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China, 2006-2015.

Background: Studies have shown a recent upsurge in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China, especially in urban areas. For intervention planning and resource allocation, spatial analyses of HIV/AIDS case-clusters were required to identify epidemic foci and trends among MSM in China.

Methods: Information regarding MSM recorded as HIV/AIDS cases during 2006-2015 were extracted from the National Case Reporting System.

Enhancing HIV Testing and Treatment among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: A Pilot Model with Two-Rapid Tests, Single Blood Draw Session, and Intensified Case Management in Six Cities in 2013.

Objectives: To explore models to improve HIV testing, linkage to care and treatment among men who have sex with men (MSM) in cooperation with community-based organizations (CBOs) in China.

Methods: We introduced a new model for HIV testing services targeting MSM in six cities in 2013.These models introduced provision of rapid HIV testing by CBO staff and streamlined processes for HIV screening, confirmation of initial reactive screening results, and linkage to care among diagnosed people.

Changing trend of HIV, Syphilis and Hepatitis C among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China.

Dearth of information regarding the trend and correlates of HIV, syphilis and Hepatitis C (HCV) in a country-wide sample of understudied though high-risk Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) called for a comprehensive serial cross-sectional study. Using a multistage mixed-method strategy, 171,311 MSM from 107 selected cities/counties in 30 provinces of mainland China, were interviewed and tested. Descriptive, bivariate, multivariate and Cochran-Armitage trend analyses were conducted using SAS 9.

Partner notification in cooperation with community-based organizations among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in two Chinese cities.

The epidemic of HIV/AIDS among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) is rapidly escalating. We implemented partner notification among HIV-infected MSM, cooperating with MSM-serving community-based organizations (CBOs) in two Chinese cities from June 2014 to May 2015. CBOs participated in identifying new HIV-positive MSM utilizing rapid HIV tests and partner notification among index cases.

[Study on the risk of HIV transmission by heterosexual contact and the correlation factors].

Objective: To understand the associated factors on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission via heterosexual contact and to provide evidence for decision-maker for prevention of HIV.


Methods: Questionnaire survey was conducted in 250 HIV-positive persons to understand their socio-demographic characteristics and sexual behavior. Meanwhile, 431 persons who had heterosexual contact with the HIV carriers were traced to their HIV infection status.

[Analysis of early detection of HIV infections by provider initiated HIV testing and counselling in regions with high HIV/AIDS epidemic in China].

Objective: To understand provider initiated HIV testing and counseling (PITC) in a region with high HIV/AIDS epidemic in China, and analyze its effect to early detection of HIV infections.

Methods: Between January and December, 2013, 37 county level medical institutions were selected as the study sites, among which, 19 were public medical institutions and 18 were private institutions. According to the related regulation, procedures and contents of PITC, the study was implemented among outpatients and inpatients who seek for doctors in these medical institutions and PITC were provided for them.

[The survival and development conditions of community-based organizations for HIV/AIDS prevention and control among men who have sex with men in three Chinese cities].

Objective: To investigate the survival and development conditions of community-based organizations (CBOs) for HIV/AIDS prevention and control among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Chinese cities including Shanghai, Hangzhou, Chongqing.

Methods: This study employed both qualitative (focus groups) and quantitative (questionnaire survey) methods to obtain information from 15 MSM CBOs in three Chinese cities.

Results: The mean work time of the 15 CBOs for HIV/AIDS prevention and control among MSM was 6.

[A study on the risk and its determinants of HIV transmission by syringe sharing among HIV-positive drug users].

Objective: To understand the risks and associated factors of HIV transmission by sharing syringes among HIV-positive drug users.

Method: The survey was conducted among HIV-positive injecting drug users (IDUs-HIV+) who received HIV counseling, testing and treatment in Changsha city Infectious Disease Hospital and Hengyang city No.3 People's Hospital from July 2012 to May 2013 to understand their socio-demographic characteristics, HIV prevalence and syringe sharing.

[A cost-utility study on HIV/AIDS 'one-stop service' pilot at county level].

Objective: To conduct a cost utility study on the HIV/AIDS 'one-stop service' at county level.

Methods: Financial records and questionnaires were used to collect the information about the resource allocation and the effectiveness of antivirus treatment (ART) during the two period which were January 2012-June 2013 and July 2013-December 2013 in the three pilot counties providing 'one-stop service'. Treeage Pro 2009 was used to build the Markov model to simulate the evolution of 5 different HIV statuses, including HIV infection, AIDS, HIV infection receiving ART, AIDS receiving ART and death.

[A study on the health economic evaluations of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, China from 2004 to 2013].

Objective: To conduct health economic evaluation of the prevention of mother-to-child HIV among pregnant women in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, China from 2004 to 2013.

Methods: Data on cost were collected mainly from the annual prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) reporting system of Dehong prefecture, and supplemented by HIV PMTCT-related resource allocation data from local health bureau. Effectiveness indexes were from local continuous HIV surveillance system and annual reported data.

[Health economic evaluation of AIDS response].

During the past over 20 years of AIDS response in China, different fields from the international society and domestic sources provide significant amounts of resources for China's AIDS response. The investment, distribution and use of these resources and their effect has become the concern of the society. The health economic evaluation method is used to scientifically answer these questions, which is also the motivation of the evaluation studies.

Task shifting of HIV/AIDS case management to Community Health Service Centers in urban China: a qualitative policy analysis.

Background: The growing number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in China points to an increased need for case management services of HIV/AIDS. This study sought to explore the challenges and enablers in shifting the HIV/AIDS case management services from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) to Community Health Service Centers (CHSCs) in urban China.

Methods: A qualitative method based on the Health Policy Triangle (HPT) framework was employed to gain in-depth insights into four elements of the task shifting strategy.

[Syphilis infection and its high risk factors among men who have sex with men by different recruitment channels].

Objective: To understand the syphilis infection and its high risk factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited from different channels.

Methods: Supported by the China-Gates Foundation HIV program from July to December 2011, we cooperated with community based organizations to conduct syphilis testing intervention among MSM from 14 cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Harbin, Shenyang, Qingdao, Xi'an, Nanjing, Wuhan, Hangzhou, Changsha, Kunming, and Guangzhou) and one province (Hainan province). Participants were recruited from different channels by the staff of local CBOs, Demographic (e.

High risks of HIV transmission for men who have sex with men--a comparison of risk factors of HIV infection among MSM associated with recruitment channels in 15 cities of China.

Objective: While the HIV epidemic varies greatly by region and population group throughout China, the HIV incidence among men who have sex with men (MSM) continues to rise at an alarmingly fast pace. We seek to analyze the risk factors associated with HIV infection among MSM recruited from different channels in large urban centers across China, in an attempt to shed light on the design of future targeted intervention strategies.

Methods: A total of 33,684 MSM from 14 cities and one province were recruited from July to December 2011.

[Analysis of characteristics and therapy of clients in the extension methadone maintenance therapy clinic].

Objective: To understand the characteristics and retention situation of clients in extension clinic of methadone maintenance therapy.

Methods: From December 20, 2010 to March 10, 2011, the system sampling method was used to get the cases. A total of 462 heroin addicts from 22 methadone maintenance therapy clinics and extension clinics located in Mangshi, Ruili, Longchuan, Yingjiang, Lianghe of Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province were interviewed, and the demographic characteristics, quality of life, urine testing results for morphine of the patients between the extension MMT clinic and standard MMT clinic were also collected and compared.

[A study on the effectiveness of prevention of mother-to-child HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B transmission among pregnant women in Dehong prefecture,Yunnan province, China from 2011 to 2013].

Objective: To demonstrate the effectiveness of prevention of mother-to-child HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B transmission among pregnant women in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, China from 2011 to 2013.

Methods: Data were collected mainly from the continuous HIV surveillance system and prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) reporting system of Dehong prefecture, and supplemented by annual reported data on HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B PMTCT to know the general demographic characteristics, HIV testing and counseling service, PMTCT service, and other medical services. Data were presented as absolute numbers and proportions.

Case finding advantage of HIV rapid tests in community settings: men who have sex with men in 12 programme areas in China, 2011.

We sought to describe the advantage of rapid tests over ELISA tests in community-based screening for HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) in urban areas of China. Data of 31,406 screening tests conducted over six months in 2011 among MSM across 12 areas were analyzed to compare the differences between those receiving rapid testing and ELISA. Rapid tests accounted for 45.

[Economic evaluation of needle and syringe exchange in two provinces of Southwest China].

Objective: To measure related cost, effectiveness and benefit of needle and syringe exchange (NSP) in two provinces of Southwest China.

Methods: Between September 2012 and February 2013, program files and questionnaires were used to collect the information about cost, effectiveness and benefit of NSP during three program years (July 2009 to June 2010, July 2010 to June 2011, July 2011 to June 2012 ) in 31 counties of two provinces of Southwest China. Unit cost indicators including cost of providing per syringe and cost of covering per IDU, number of new HIV infections avoided by providing needle and syringe exchange were used to evaluate the effectiveness of NSP, and the benefit indicators included the fees for ART, hospitalization cost and follow up of new HIV infection avoided by NSP.

HIV prevention services and testing utilization behaviors among men who have sex with men at elevated risk for HIV in Chongqing, China.

Objective: To investigate barriers and correlates of the use of HIV prevention services and HIV testing behaviors among men who have sex with men in Chongqing.

Methods: Three consecutive cross-sectional surveys provided demographic, sexual behavior, HIV/syphilis infection, HIV prevention service, and testing behavior data.

Results: Of 1239 participants, 15.

Attrition of MSM with HIV/AIDS along the continuum of care from screening to CD4 testing in China.

The aim of this study is to describe attrition of newly diagnosed men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV/AIDS from screening to CD4 testing and provide suggestions to improve HIV case management in China. Data from 15 China-Gates Program project cities were collected on number of MSM who underwent each step from HIV screening to CD4 testing. Descriptive statistics were calculated.

[Health economic evaluation for the extension clinics of methadone maintenance treatment].

Objective: To discuss the cost, cost-effectiveness, and cost-utility of the extension methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clinics and provide the evidences of the strategy of scaling up the extension MMT clinics.

Methods: A study was conducted in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, including Mang, Ruili city, Longchuan, Yingjiang, Lianghe county. 117 newly enrolling heroin addict patients in 17 extension MMT clinics were recruited as subjects from December 2010 to February 2011.

[Comprehensive evaluation of AIDS spending in Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province in 2010].

Objective: To comprehensive evaluate the rationality of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) expenditure through the analysis of AIDS expenditure circumstances based on the application of National AIDS Spending Assessment in Dehong prefecture in 2010.

Methods: Demographic and economic indicators of Mang City, Yingjiang, Longchuan, Ruili City, Lianghe and Wanting zone in Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province were collected from the reports issued by Dehong Statistical Bureau of 2010, and HIV/AIDS epidemic indicators were collected from the annual report of national AIDS prevention and control data.NASA method was used to analyze the actual spending and demand index was used to calculate the demand of AIDS funding in these counties (cities).