pK205R targets the proximal element of IFN-I signaling pathway to assist African swine fever virus to escape host innate immunity at the early stage of infection.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a nuclear cytoplasmic large DNA virus (NCLDV) that causes devastating hemorrhagic diseases in domestic pigs and wild boars, seriously threatening the development of the global pig industry. IFN-I plays an important role in the body's antiviral response. Similar to other DNA viruses, ASFV has evolved a variety of immune escape strategies to antagonize IFN-I signaling and maintain its proliferation.

Integrated physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses elucidate the regulation mechanisms of lignin synthesis under osmotic stress in alfalfa leaf (Medicago sativa L.).

Alfalfa, an essential forage crop known for its high yield, nutritional value, and strong adaptability, has been widely cultivated worldwide. The yield and quality of alfalfa are frequently jeopardized due to environmental degradation. Lignin, a constituent of the cell wall, enhances plant resistance to abiotic stress, which often causes osmotic stress in plant cells.

Hepatotoxicity and the role of the gut-liver axis in dogs after oral administration of zinc oxide nanoparticles.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been used in many fields, and people are concerned about its effects on health. The present study reported the changes in liver metabolites and intestinal microbiota induced by overused ZnO NPs in dogs and explored the related mechanisms of liver injury induced by ZnO NPs. The results showed that overused ZnO NPs promote zinc accumulation in the liver and increase liver coefficient and serum liver-related indexes.

Battery wastewater induces nephrotoxicity via disordering the mitochondrial dynamics.

The rapid development of new energy battery enterprises manifolds the obsolete and scrapped batteries which are considered serious concern for the environment and ecology. Increasing trend of recycling batteries waste is public hazard throughout the world. The batteries wastes affect the various body systems but exact toxicological mechanism of battery wastewater is still unexplored.

Residue of thiram in food, suppresses immune system stress signals and disturbs sphingolipid metabolism in chickens.

Thiram, a well-known sulfur containing organic compound is frequently and extensively used in agriculture because of high biological activity to control different pests. In certain cases, due to long persistence in the environment pesticides and other environmental contaminants induce undesirable toxic impacts to public health and environment. To ascertain the potential mechanisms of toxicity of thiram on different immune organs of broilers, a total of 100 one-day-old chicks were obtained and randomly divided into two groups including thiram group (50 mg/kg) and untreated control group.

Gut microbiota disturbance exaggerates battery wastewater-induced hepatotoxicity through a gut-liver axis.

As the primary source of electricity for various devices, batteries are important contributors to the overall electronic waste generated; and are widely considered a source of highly ecotoxic pollutants. Material leakage in battery manufacturing has not been completely solved, and the elucidation of the toxic mechanisms of battery wastewater exposure is needed. We demonstrated that battery waste exposure disrupted the intestinal flora and aggravated hepatotoxicity via the gut-liver axis.

Zearalenone exposure mediated hepatotoxicity via mitochondrial apoptotic and autophagy pathways: Associated with gut microbiome and metabolites.

Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin is frequently detected in different food products and has been widely studied for its toxicity. However, the underlying mechanisms of hepatotoxic effects, relationship between gut microbiome and liver metabolite mediated hepatotoxicity mechanisms induced by ZEN are still not clear. Here, we reported that the different microscopic changes like swelling of hepatocyte, disorganization of hepatocytes and extensive vacuolar degeneration were observed, and the mitochondrial functions decreased in exposed mice.

The potential risks of chronic fluoride exposure on nephrotoxic via altering glucolipid metabolism and activating autophagy and apoptosis in ducks.

Fluoride is one of the most widely distributed elements in nature, while some fluorine-containing compounds are toxic to several vertebrates at certain levels. The current study was performed to evaluate the nephrotoxic effects of fluoride exposure in ducks. The results showed that the renal index was decreased in NaF group, and fluoride exposure significantly decreased the levels of serum Albumin, Glucose, Total cholesterol, Urea, protein and Triglycerides, confirming that NaF exhibited adverse effects on the kidney.

Exposure to Fluoride induces apoptosis in liver of ducks by regulating Cyt-C/Caspase 3/9 signaling pathway.

Fluorine being a well-known and essential element for normal physiological functions of tissues of different organisms is frequently used for growth and development of body. The mechanisms of adverse and injurious impacts of fluoride are not clear and still are under debate. Therefore, this study was executed to ascertain the potential mechanisms of sodium fluoride in liver tissues of ducks.

The potential risks of herbicide butachlor to immunotoxicity via induction of autophagy and apoptosis in the spleen.

Butachlor being an important member of chloroacetanilide herbicides, is frequently used in agriculture to control unwanted weeds. Exposure to butachlor can induce cancer, human lymphocyte aberration, and immunotoxic effects in animals. The current experimental trial was executed to determine the potential risks of herbicide butachlor to immunotoxicity and its mechanism of adverse effects on the spleen.

Exposure to the herbicide butachlor activates hepatic stress signals and disturbs lipid metabolism in mice.

Butachlor is a systemic herbicide widely applied on wheat, rice, beans, and different other crops, and is frequently detected in groundwater, surface water, and soil. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the potential adverse health risks and the underlying mechanisms of hepatotoxicity caused by exposure to butachlor in invertebrates, other nontarget animals, and public health. For this reason, a total of 20 mice were obtained and randomly divided into two groups.

Long-term copper exposure promotes apoptosis and autophagy by inducing oxidative stress in pig testis.

Copper (Cu) is a heavy metal which is being used widely in the industry and agriculture. However, the overuse of Cu makes it a common environmental pollutant. In order to investigate the testicular toxicity of Cu, the pigs were divided into three groups and were given Cu at 10 (control), 125, and 250 mg/kg body weight, respectively.