Multiomics of parkinsonism cynomolgus monkeys highlights significance of metabolites in interaction between host and microbiota.

The gut microbiota has been demonstrated to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, conflicting findings regarding specific microbial species have been reported, possibly due to confounding factors within human populations. Herein, our current study investigated the interaction between the gut microbiota and host in a non-human primate (NHP) PD model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) using a multi-omic approach and a self-controlled design.

Effect of hypoglycemia on cognitive performance in older patients with diabetes: A meta-analysis.

Goals: The goal of this study was to use meta-analysis to compile information from various studies to investigate the existence and severity of cognitive impairment in elderly diabetes patients who have hypoglycemic episodes.

Materials And Techniques: For research studies on the relationship between hypoglycemia and cognitive decline or dementia in persons older than 45 years, we searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang, CBM and VIP databases for the period 1989 to 2022. We conducted random effects inverse variance on the meta-analysis and used the I statistic to assess heterogeneity.

Ageing fundus degenerations of Macaca fascicularis on multi-modal imaging and histopathology: Similarities and differences compared to human.

To characterize the ageing fundus degenerations in Macaca fascicularis, we used multimodal imaging including color fundus photograph, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, fundus fluorescence angiography, and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) to survey and track fundus changes of 84 Macaca fascicularis, ranging from 5 to 24 years old over 2 years, and followed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. The Macaca fascicularis in our cohort showed ageing characteristics different from human, including the more common yellow dot maculopathy, the unique appearance of patchy hyperautoflurescence, and the absence of subretinal drusenoid deposit, basal laminar deposit, geographic atrophy or choroidal neovascularization. Same with human, hard drusen, soft drusen, atherosclerosis, tessellated retina, staining of vessels in peripheral choroid on late-phase ICGA, and peripheral hard drusen were detected.

Transplantation of Gut Microbiota From High-Fat-Diet-Tolerant Cynomolgus Monkeys Alleviates Hyperlipidemia and Hepatic Steatosis in Rats.

Emerging evidence has been reported to support the involvement of the gut microbiota in the host's blood lipid and hyperlipidemia (HLP). However, there remains unexplained variation in the host's blood lipid phenotype. Herein a nonhuman primate HLP model was established in cynomolgus monkeys fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 19 months.

Species identification and phylogenetic analysis of Leishmania isolated from patients, vectors and hares in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, The People's Republic of China.

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been declared as one of the six major tropical diseases by the World Health Organization. This disease has been successfully controlled in China, except for some areas in the western region, such as the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, where both anthroponotic VL (AVL) and desert type zoonotic VL (DT-ZVL) remain endemic with sporadic epidemics.

Methodology/principal Findings: Here, an eleven-year survey (2004-2014) of Leishmania species, encompassing both VL types isolated from patients, sand-fly vectors and Tarim hares (Lepus yarkandensis) from the Xinjiang Autonomous Region was conducted, with a special emphasis on the hares as a potential reservoir animal for DT-ZVL.

Innate Resistance to Infection in Rat Is Dependent on NOS2.

infection causes diverse clinical manifestations in humans. The disease outcome is complicated by the combination of many host and parasite factors. Inbred mouse strains vary in resistance to but are highly susceptible to infection.

Infection with or may promote the spread of .

Toxoplasma gondii can infect almost all warm-blooded vertebrates with pathogensis being largely influenced by the host immune status. As important epidemiological hosts, rodents are globally distributed and are also commonly found infected with haemoflagellates, such as those in the genus Trypanosoma. We here address whether and how co-infection with trypanosomes can influence T.

The association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and postpartum blues.

Introduction And Aim: Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite infecting approximately 30% of the global human population. It has often been suggested that chronic infection with T. gondii is related to personality changes and various mental disorders including depression.

Recombinant α-actinin subunit antigens of Trichomonas vaginalis as potential vaccine candidates in protecting against trichomoniasis.

Background: Human trichomoniasis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases with more than 200 million cases worldwide. It has caused a series of health problems to patients. For prevention and control of infectious diseases, vaccines are usually considered as one of the most cost-efficient tools.

Infection by Toxoplasma gondii, a severe parasite in neonates and AIDS patients, causes impaired anion secretion in airway epithelia.

The airway epithelia initiate and modulate the inflammatory responses to various pathogens. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-mediated Cl(-) secretion system plays a key role in mucociliary clearance of inhaled pathogens. We have explored the effects of Toxoplasma gondii, an opportunistic intracellular protozoan parasite, on Cl(-) secretion of the mouse tracheal epithelia.

Toxoplasma gondii infection in the peritoneal macrophages of rats treated with glucocorticoids.

It is well known that toxoplasmosis can be life threatening to immunocompromised individuals such as AIDS and organ transplantation patients. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used in the clinic for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and organ transplantation resulting in acute toxoplasmosis in these patients. However, the interaction and mechanism between the development of acute toxoplasmosis and GC therapy are still unknown.

Genotypes and mouse virulence of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from animals and humans in China.

Background: Recent population structure studies of T. gondii revealed that a few major clonal lineages predominated in different geographical regions. T.

Differences in iNOS and arginase expression and activity in the macrophages of rats are responsible for the resistance against T. gondii infection.

Toxoplasma gondii infects humans and warm blooded animals causing devastating disease worldwide. It has long been a mystery as to why the peritoneal macrophages of rats are naturally resistant to T. gondii infection while those of mice are not.

[Determination of metals in Ginkgo biloba leaves by atomic absorption spectrometry with microwave digestion].

Microwave digestion technique was used in the decomposition of Ginkgo biloba leaves from six different trees at the same age in the same area. HNO3-H2O2 (5 : 1 v/v) was used as microwave digestion agent at a suitable temperature and time. The contents of Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Zn and Zn/Cu were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry to study the distribution rule of metallic elements in the trees at the same age and in the same area.