A 3D and Explainable Artificial Intelligence Model for Evaluation of Chronic Otitis Media Based on Temporal Bone Computed Tomography: Model Development, Validation, and Clinical Application.

Background: Temporal bone computed tomography (CT) helps diagnose chronic otitis media (COM). However, its interpretation requires training and expertise. Artificial intelligence (AI) can help clinicians evaluate COM through CT scans, but existing models lack transparency and may not fully leverage multidimensional diagnostic information.

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus in middle ear effusions and its association with otitis media with effusion.

A large-scale outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurred in Shanghai, China, in early December 2022. To study the incidence and characteristics of otitis media with effusion (OME) complicating SARS-CoV-2, we collected 267 middle ear effusion (MEE) samples and 172 nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs from patients. The SARS-CoV-2 virus was detected by RT-PCR targeting.

Glycated Hemoglobin Electrochemical Immunosensor Based on Screen-Printed Electrode.

An electrochemical HbA1c sensor with high sensitivity and good specificity is proposed based on the electrochemical immune principle. The reproducibility and conductivity of the electrode are improved by depositing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the surface of the screen-printed electrode (SPE). The HbA1c antibodies are immobilized on the surface of the modified electrode by adsorption to capture the HbA1c in the sample.

Thymopentin alleviates premature ovarian failure in mice by activating YY2/Lin28A and inhibiting the expression of let-7 family microRNAs.

Objective: Thymopentin (5TP) significantly improved typical murine premature ovarian failure (POF) symptoms induced by a high-fat and high-sugar (HFHS) diet. However, its effect and mechanism remain unclear.

Materials And Methods: RNA-Seq was used to detect the differentially expressed genes among each group.

AI powered electrochemical multi-component detection of insulin and glucose in serum.

Multi-component detection of insulin and glucose in serum is of great importance and urgently needed in clinical diagnosis and treatment due to its economy and practicability. However, insulin and glucose can hardly be determined by traditional electrochemical detection methods. Their mixed oxidation currents and rare involvement in the reaction process make it difficult to decouple them.

Comparison of Endoscopic Cartilage Myringoplasty in Dry and Wet Ears With Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media.

Objectives: This study compared the rate of graft success, as well as hearing improvement and dry ear time between dry ears and wet ears with otomycosis or without otomycosis in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) after endoscopic cartilage myringoplasty.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Shanghai. In total, 83 patients with CSOM (43 with dry ears and 40 with wet ears) were included.

Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Papilloma in the External Auditory Canal.

Objectives: To determine the clinical characteristics of papilloma involving the external auditory canal (PEAC) in a region of China.

Study Design: A retrospective study.

Methods: Demographics, manifestations, imaging results, histopathology, and treatment of 67 patients diagnosed with PEAC in a period of 6 years were analyzed at Shanghai Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital in China.

The microbiomes of adenoid and middle ear in children with otitis media with effusion and hypertrophy from a tertiary hospital in China.

Introduction: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is one of the most common pediatric diseases worldwide. Several studies have analyzed the diversity of the microbiomes found in the middle ear effusions (MEEs) of populations from developed countries. However, no microbiological studies of MEEs from Chinese children with OME have been reported.

Bacteriological Profile of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media and Antibiotic Susceptibility in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Shanghai, China.

Objective: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is mostly caused by bacterial infection of the middle ear and antibiotics are generally used empirically, which may lead to the emergence of resistant bacterial strains. The objective of the study is to assess the bacteriological profile of and evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of strains isolated in a tertiary care hospital in Shanghai, China.

Methods: This study included 289 individuals with clinical diagnosis of CSOM.

Deep Learning in Automated Region Proposal and Diagnosis of Chronic Otitis Media Based on Computed Tomography.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a deep-learning framework for the diagnosis of chronic otitis media (COM) based on temporal bone computed tomography (CT) scans.

Design: A total of 562 COM patients with 672 temporal bone CT scans of both ears were included. The final dataset consisted of 1147 ears, and each of them was assigned with a ground truth label from one of the 3 conditions: normal, chronic suppurative otitis media, and cholesteatoma.

Spider Toxin Peptide Lycosin-I Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Tumor Targeting and Therapy.

Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are commonly utilized for intracellular delivery of functional materials to circumvent biomembrane barrier. However, further application of CPPs is hindered by lacking selectivity toward targeted cells. The spider venom peptide, lycosin-I, is a CPP with potent cytotoxicity to cancer cells, which might enable lycosin-I to deliver functional materials into cancer cells selectively.

Sub-diffraction-limit localization imaging of a plasmonic nanoparticle pair with wavelength-resolved dark-field microscopy.

In this work, with wavelength-resolved dark-field microscopy, the center-of-mass localization information from nanoparticle pairs (i.e., spherical (45 nm in diameter) and rod (45 × 70 nm) shaped gold nanoparticle pairs with different gap distances and orientations) was explored and compared with the results determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements.

Immunogenicity and protective immunity against otitis media caused by pneumococcus in mice of Hib conjugate vaccine with PsaA protein carrier.

This study evaluated the immunogenicity and protective immunity of a Hemophilus influenzae b (Hib) polysaccharide conjugate vaccine with the pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) protein carrier in young mice. The Hib polysaccharide was conjugated with the rPsaA protein carrier, which was produced using recombinant DNA technology. A total of 15 young mice aged 3 weeks to 5 weeks were immunized with the conjugate vaccine, and another 15 young mice of the same age were immunized with the licensed Hib-tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccine.

Orientational Imaging of a Single Gold Nanorod at the Liquid/Solid Interface with Polarized Evanescent Field Illumination.

Understanding the mechanistic information on many kinetic processes requires the exploration of dynamic rotational information on the target object at the single particle (or molecule) level. In this work, we developed a new strategy, total internal reflection scattering (TIRS) microscopy, to determine the full three-dimensional (3D) angular information on a single gold nanorod (GNR) close to the liquid/solid interface. It was found that the 3D orientational information on individual GNR could be readily elucidated by using p-polarized TIRS illumination through deciphering the orientation-coded intensity distribution pattern in a single TIRS image.

Mandarin Chinese speech recognition by pediatric cochlear implant users.

Objectives: Because of difficulties associated with pediatric speech testing, most pediatric cochlear implant (CI) speech studies necessarily involve basic and simple perceptual tasks. There are relatively few studies regarding Mandarin-speaking pediatric CI users' perception of more difficult speech materials (e.g.

Intranasal vaccination with chitosan-DNA nanoparticles expressing pneumococcal surface antigen a protects mice against nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a respiratory pathogen, and mucosal immune response plays a significant role in the defense against pneumococcal infections. Thus, intranasal vaccination may be an alternative approach to current immunization strategies, and effective delivery systems to mucosal organism are necessary. In this study, BALB/c mice were immunized intranasally with chitosan-DNA nanoparticles expressing pneumococcal surface antigen A (PsaA).

Relationship between high-resolution computed tomography densitometry and audiometry in otosclerosis.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) densitometry in the diagnosis of otosclerosis and to investigate the relationship between CT densitometry and audiometry.

Methods: HRCT findings and audiometry were compared among 34 patients (34 ears, the otosclerosis group) with surgically confirmed otosclerosis between January 2007 and December 2007 and 33 patients (33 opposite normal ears, the control group) with facial paralysis diagnosed at the same period of time. Seven regions of interest (ROI) were set manually around the otic capsule on the axial slice of 0.

[Improvement of immunogenicity of Streptococcus pneumoniae psaA DNA vaccine by prime and boost strategy].

Objective: To study on the preparation of Streptococcus pneumoniae psaA DNA vaccine and to analyse the immunogenicity by the prime-boost strategy.

Methods: The psaA gene was amplified from the genome of Streptococcus pneumoniae by PCR, and then was inserted into plasmid pVAX1 and pET28a to construct recombinant expression vectors respectively. 293T cells were transiently transfected with pVAX1-psaA, and RT-PCR analysis of total cell RNA extracts showed successful expression of psaA.

Isolation of fenitrothion-degrading strain Burkholderia sp. FDS-1 and cloning of mpd gene.

A short rod shaped, gram-negative bacterium strain Burkholderia sp. FDS-1 was isolated from the sludge of the wastewater treating system of an organophosphorus pesticides manufacturer. The isolate was capable of using fenitrothion as the sole carbon source for its growth.