Gypenosides alleviate oxidative stress in the hippocampus, promote mitophagy, and mitigate depressive-like behaviors induced by CUMS via SIRT1.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The use and efficacy of Gynostemma [Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino], a versatile traditional Chinese herb, was first documented in the renowned pharmacopoeia, "Compendium of Materia Medica". Gypenosides (Gps), saponin components are the primary constituents responsible for its biological activities and clinical effects, which include antioxidant, immunoregulatory, antitumor, and neuroprotective properties.

Function analysis and characterisation of a novel chitinase, MdCht9, in Musca domestica.

Insect chitinases have been proposed as potential targets for pest control. In this work, a novel group IV chitinase gene, MdCht9, from Musca domestica was found to have multiple functions in the physiological activity, including chitin regulation, development and antifungal immunity. The MdCht9 gene was cloned and sequenced, its phylogeny was analysed and its expression was determined in normal and 20E treated larvae.

Molecular Characterization of 14-3-3 Zeta Gene in Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) and Its Roles in Response to Bacterial Infection.

The 14-3-3 gene plays important role in many biological processes, including cell survival, apoptosis, and signal transduction. However, function of the 14-3-3 homologous gene in Musca domestica remains unclear. Here, we identified and characterized the 14-3-3ζ of M.

Antimicrobial peptide AMP-17 exerts anti-Candida albicans effects through ROS-mediated apoptosis and necrosis.

There is a need for new anti-Candida albicans (C. albicans) drugs owing to the emergence of drug resistance in recent years. AMP-17, an antimicrobial peptide from Musca domestica (M.

Sirtuin 1 Induces Choroidal Neovascularization and Triggers Age-Related Macular Degeneration by Promoting LCN2 through SOX9 Deacetylation.

Increasing studies have identified the function of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) in ocular diseases. Hence, this study is aimed at exploring the potential role of SIRT1 in choroidal neovascularization- (CNV-) induced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) development and the associated mechanism. Expression of SIRT1/SOX9/LCN2 in the hypoxic cells was determined, and their interactions were predicted by bioinformatics websites and followed by the verification by luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP).

Identification and function analysis of chitinase 2 gene in housefly, Musca domestica.

Chitinases are hydrolytic enzymes that play important roles in chitin degradation during the insect development process, and thus are considered as the potential targets for pest management. Here, we identified and characterized the group VII chitinase gene from health pest Musca domestica (MdCht2). We found that MdCht2 was 1932 bp in length with an open reading frame of 1530 bp, which encodes a polypeptide of 509 amino acid residues.

Comparisons of Respiratory Pupal Gill Development in Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) Shed Light on the Origin of Dipteran Prothoracic Dorsal Appendages.

During the transformation of immature aquatic dipteran insects to terrestrial adults, the prothoracic pupal respiratory organ enables pupae to cope with flood-drought alternating environments. Despite its obvious importance, the biology of the organ, including its development, is poorly understood. In this study, the developing gills of several Simulium Latreille (Diptera: Simuliidae) spp.

Antifungal Activity and Physicochemical Properties of a Novel Antimicrobial Protein AMP-17 from .

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are cationic small peptide chains that have good antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. AMP-17 is a recombinant insect AMP obtained by a prokaryotic expression system. However, the full antifungal activity, physicochemical characteristics, and cytotoxicity of AMP-17 were previously unknown.

Characterization and Expression Pattern Analysis of the T-Complex Protein-1 Zeta Subunit in Musca domestica L (Diptera).

Chaperonins, belonging to the T-complex protein-1 (TCP-1) family, assist in the correct folding of nascent and misfolded proteins. It is well-known that in mammals, the zeta subunit of the TCP-1 complex (TCP-1ζ) plays a vital role in the folding and assembly of cytoskeleta proteins. This study reported for the first time the cloning, characterization and expression pattern analysis of the TCP-1ζ from Musca domestica, which was named as MdTCP-1ζ.

Identification and characterization of a novel antimicrobial protein from the housefly Musca domestica.

Antimicrobial peptides/proteins are immune-related molecules that are widely distributed in bacteria, fungi, plants, invertebrates and higher animals. They have exhibited great potential to be developed into antimicrobial drugs. The housefly, Musca domestica, lives in a highly contaminated environment and has adapted a robust immune system against various pathogens.

Transcriptional Responses of to Antimicrobial Peptide MAF-1A.

is a major fungal pathogen in humans. Novel antifungal agents are urgent demanded due to the challenges of the resistance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are critical components of the innate immune system against pathogenic microorganism infection.