A novel viologen-based hybrid crystalline material for photochromic glass films, information storage and anti-counterfeiting.

Information storage and anti-counterfeiting are two very important applications of photochromic materials. Photochromic materials with both information storage and anti-counterfeiting should meet the requirements including fast coloration, good stability and reversibility, low storage cost, and practical application value. Herein, a novel viologen-based coordination polymer, Cd[(pbpy)(HBTC)Cl]·2HO (1) (pbpy = 1,1'-[1,4-phenylenebis-(methylene)]bis(4,4'-bipyridinium); HBTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid), has been constructed.

Preoperative prediction model for non-neoplastic and benign neoplastic polyps of the gallbladder.

Background: Gallbladder adenoma represents a precancerous lesion of gallbladder cancer. However, distinguishing it from cholesteryl polyps of the gallbladder before surgery is challenging. Thus, we aimed to comprehensively explore various risk factors contributing to the formation of gallbladder adenoma to facilitate an informed diagnosis and treatment by clinicians.