Comprehensive immune modulation mechanisms of Angong Niuhuang Wan in ischemic stroke: Insights from mass cytometry analysis.

Background: Angong Niuhuang Wan (AGNHW, ), is a classical medicinal formula in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that has been appreciated for its neuroprotective properties in ischemic cerebral injuries, yet its intricate mechanisms remain only partially elucidated.

Aims: This study leverages advanced Mass cytometry (CyTOF) to analyze AGNHW's multifaceted immunomodulation effects in-depth, emphasizing previously underexplored areas.

Results: AGNHW mitigated monocyte-derived macrophages (MoDM) infiltration in the brain, distinguishing its effects on those from microglia.

Mechanism of Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species in Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Preventive Effect of Chinese Medicine.

Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a pathological process involving multiple injury factors and cell types, with different stages. Currently, protective drugs targeting a single condition are limited in efficacy, and interventions on immune cells will also be accompanied by a series of side effects. In the current bottleneck research stage, the multi-target and obvious clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine (CM) is expected to become a breakthrough point in the research and development of new drugs.

Peroxynitrite reduces Treg cell expansion and function by mediating IL-2R nitration and aggravates multiple sclerosis pathogenesis.

T-helper 17 cells and regulatory T cells (Treg) are critical regulators in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) but the factors affecting Treg/Th17 balance remains largely unknown. Redox balance is crucial to maintaining immune homeostasis and reducing the severity of MS but the underlying mechanisms are unclear yet. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that peroxynitrite, a representative molecule of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), could inhibit peripheral Treg cells, disrupt Treg/Th17 balance and aggravate MS pathology by inducing nitration of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) and down-regulating RAS/JNK-AP-1 signalling pathway.

Maintaining moderate levels of hypochlorous acid promotes neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in the recovery phase of stroke.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202503000-00029/figure1/v/2024-06-17T092413Z/r/image-tiff It has been shown clinically that continuous removal of ischemia/reperfusion-induced reactive oxygen species is not conducive to the recovery of late stroke. Indeed, previous studies have shown that excessive increases in hypochlorous acid after stroke can cause severe damage to brain tissue.

Hypochlorous acid derived from microglial myeloperoxidase could mediate high-mobility group box 1 release from neurons to amplify brain damage in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays critical role in the pathology of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury via producing hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and inducing oxidative modification of proteins. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) oxidation, particularly disulfide HMGB1 formation, facilitates the secretion and release of HMGB1 and activates neuroinflammation, aggravating cerebral I/R injury. However, the cellular sources of MPO/HOCl in ischemic brain injury are unclear yet.

PMI-controlled mannose metabolism and glycosylation determines tissue tolerance and virus fitness.

Host survival depends on the elimination of virus and mitigation of tissue damage. Herein, we report the modulation of D-mannose flux rewires the virus-triggered immunometabolic response cascade and reduces tissue damage. Safe and inexpensive D-mannose can compete with glucose for the same transporter and hexokinase.

Niuhuang Qingxin Wan ameliorates depressive-like behaviors and improves hippocampal neurogenesis through modulating TrkB/ERK/CREB signaling pathway in chronic restraint stress or corticosterone challenge mice.

Chronic stress-associated hormonal imbalance impairs hippocampal neurogenesis, contributing to depressive and anxiety behaviors. Targeting neurogenesis is thus a promising antidepressant therapeutic strategy. Niuhuang Qingxin Wan (NHQXW) is an herbal formula for mental disorders in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practice, but its anti-depressant efficacies and mechanisms remain unverified.

Alisol B 23-acetate broadly inhibits coronavirus through blocking virus entry and suppresses proinflammatory T cells responses for the treatment of COVID-19.

Introduction: Emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV)-2 causes a global health disaster and pandemic. Seeking effective anti-pan-CoVs drugs benefit critical illness patients of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but also may play a role in emerging CoVs of the future.

Objectives: This study tested the hypothesis that alisol B 23-acetate could be a viral entry inhibitor and would have proinflammatory inhibition for COVID-19 treatment.

C5a-C5aR1 induces endoplasmic reticulum stress to accelerate vascular calcification via PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CREB3L1 pathway.

Aims: Vascular calcification (VC) predicts the morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular diseases. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) osteogenic transdifferentiation is the crucial pathological basis for VC. To date, the molecular pathogenesis is still largely unclear.

Reactive nitrogen species as therapeutic targets for autophagy/mitophagy modulation to relieve neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis: Potential application for drug discovery.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease with limited therapeutic effects, eventually developing into handicap. Seeking novel therapeutic strategies for MS is timely important. Active autophagy/mitophagy could mediate neurodegeneration, while its roles in MS remain controversial.

Towards a global partnership model in interprofessional education for cross-sector problem-solving.

Objectives: A partnership model in interprofessional education (IPE) is important in promoting a sense of global citizenship while preparing students for cross-sector problem-solving. However, the literature remains scant in providing useful guidance for the development of an IPE programme co-implemented by external partners. In this pioneering study, we describe the processes of forging global partnerships in co-implementing IPE and evaluate the programme in light of the preliminary data available.

Validation of evidence-based questionnaire for TCM syndrome differentiation of heart failure and evaluation of expert consensus.

Background: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is widely used to treat heart failure (HF). Syndrome differentiation is a unique and crucial component in TCM practice for guiding disease diagnosis and treatment strategies as well as clinical research. The major bottlenecks in TCM syndrome differentiation are the diversity of the syndrome differentiation criteria and the broad spectrum of syndrome patterns, hindering evidence-based studies for clinical research.

Bushen-Yizhi formula ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress via AMPK/Sirt1 signaling pathway in D-gal-induced aging rats.

Background: As a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, aging has become a heavy health care burden worldwide. Age-related decline in mitochondrial function and oxidative stress is strongly associated with neurodegeneration. The previous study demonstrated that Bushen-Yizhi formula (BSYZ), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, is effective in reducing neurodegeneration.

Students' interaction anxiety and social phobia in interprofessional education in Hong Kong: mapping a new research direction.

Background: Interprofessional education (IPE) has been promoted as a breakthrough in healthcare because of the impact when professionals work as a team. However, despite its inception dating back to the 1960s, its science has taken a long time to advance. There is a need to theorize IPE to cultivate creative insights for a nuanced understanding of IPE.

VI Ameliorates Post-Stroke Depression via Upregulating the NRG-1-Mediated MEK/ERK Pathway.

Background: Post-stroke depression (PSD) has been identified as one of the most commonly occurring complications attributed to stroke. VI (AsVI), which is an active Radix Astragali (AR)-derived compound, has been reported to be a potential drug for post-stroke therapy, but its effects on PSD and the underlying mechanisms remain uncovered.

Methods: In this study, healthy male SD rats underwent a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke model.

Targeting proteasome enhances anticancer activity of oncolytic HSV-1 in colorectal cancer.

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) has been widely used to treat various cancers, but its efficacy is limited. Studies indicated that combining HSV-1 and chemotherapy drugs can effectively improve the lethality of HSV-1 in tumor cells, which has a synergistic effect. Here, we explored the oncolytic effect and mechanism of bortezomib and HSV-1 on colorectal cancer cells, HCT116 and Caco-2.

Ischemic accumulation of succinate induces Cdc42 succinylation and inhibits neural stem cell proliferation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.

Ischemic accumulation of succinate causes cerebral damage by excess production of reactive oxygen species. However, it is unknown whether ischemic accumulation of succinate affects neural stem cell proliferation. In this study, we established a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery.

Wide-Bandwidth Nanocomposite-Sensor Integrated Smart Mask for Tracking Multiphase Respiratory Activities.

Wearing masks has been a recommended protective measure due to the risks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) even in its coming endemic phase. Therefore, deploying a "smart mask" to monitor human physiological signals is highly beneficial for personal and public health. This work presents a smart mask integrating an ultrathin nanocomposite sponge structure-based soundwave sensor (≈400 µm), which allows the high sensitivity in a wide-bandwidth dynamic pressure range, i.

Exosome-Like Nanoparticles Exert Neuroprotective Effects Against Ischemic Brain Injury Inhibiting Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 and Activating the AKT/GSK3β Signaling Pathway.

Plant exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) have shown great potential in treating tumor and inflammatory diseases, but the neuroprotective effect of plant ELNs remains unknown. In the present study, we isolated and characterized novel ELNs from (MC) and investigated their neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the present study, MC-ELNs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized.

Acteoside promotes B cell-derived IL-10 production and ameliorates autoimmunity.

IL-10-producing regulatory B (Breg) cells are well recognized for maintaining immune tolerance. The impaired Breg cell function with decreased IL-10-producing capacity has been found in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS). However, seldom therapeutic agents targeting Breg cells are available to treat those autoimmune diseases.