Rice's trajectory from wild to domesticated in East Asia.

Rice () serves as a staple food for more than one-third of the global population. However, its journey from a wild gathered food to domestication remains enigmatic, sparking ongoing debates in the biological and anthropological fields. Here, we present evidence of rice phytoliths sampled from two archaeological sites in China, Shangshan and Hehuashan, near the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

NMSCANet: stereo matching network for speckle variations in single-shot speckle projection profilometry.

In single-shot speckle projection profilometry (SSPP), the projected speckle inevitably undergoes changes in shape and size due to variations such as viewing angles, complex surface modulations of the test object and different projection ratios. These variations introduce randomness and unpredictability to the speckle features, resulting in erroneous or missing feature extraction and subsequently degrading 3D reconstruction accuracy across the tested surface. This work strives to explore the relationship between speckle size variations and feature extraction, and address the issue solely from the perspective of network design by leveraging specific variations in speckle size without expanding the training set.

Flexible and accurate system calibration method in microscopic fringe projection profilometry.

The three-dimensional (3D) measurement task of complex microstructures holds paramount significance in the domains of precision manufacturing and inspection. The calibration of the 3D system heavily determines the final reconstruction accuracy. The widely adopted system calibration method is phase-height mapping (PHM) and stereo vision (SV) based.

Deep learning-based end-to-end 3D depth recovery from a single-frame fringe pattern with the MSUNet++ network.

Deep learning (DL)-based single-frame fringe pattern to 3D depth reconstruction methods have aroused extensive research interest. The goal is to estimate high-precision 3D shape from a single frame of fringe pattern with limited information. Therefore, the purpose of this work attempts to propose an end-to-end DL-based 3D reconstruction method from the single fringe pattern with excellent capability of achieving high accuracy depth recovery and geometry details preservation of tested objects.

Nonlinear optimization considering target feature points for bitelecentric camera calibration: experimental study.

The telecentric camera has found extensive application in microscopy imaging due to its remarkable attributes of maintaining constant magnification and minimal distortion within its depth of field. In telecentric imaging technology, the accuracy of measurements frequently hinges upon the calibration precision of the telecentric camera. In real-world scenarios, the shallow depth of field characteristic of telecentric cameras often leads to out-of-focus targets during the capturing process, which in turn results in the inability to accurately extract pixel coordinates of feature points, making it difficult for optimization algorithms to converge to the optimal value.

Temporal-spatial binary encoding method based on dynamic threshold optimization for 3D shape measurement.

The binary encoding method has been widely used for three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement due to the high-speed projection characteristics of its digital mirror device (DMD)-based projector. However, traditional binary encoding methods require a larger defocus to achieve a good sinusoidality, leading to a reduction in the measurement depth of field and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of captured images, which can adversely affect the accuracy of phase extraction, particularly high-frequency fringes for 3D reconstruction. This paper proposes a spatial-temporal binary encoding method based on dynamic threshold optimization for 3D shape measurement.

High dynamic reflection surface 3D reconstruction with sharing phase demodulation mechanism and multi-indicators guided phase domain fusion.

Accurate and complete 3D measurement of complex high dynamic range (HDR) surfaces has been challenging for structured light projection technique. The behavior of spraying a layer of diffuse reflection material, which will inevitably incur additional thickness. Existing methods based on additional facilities will increase the cost of hardware system.

Surface warming from altitudinal and latitudinal amplification over Antarctica since the International Geophysical Year.

Warming has been and is being enhanced at high latitudes or high elevations, whereas the quantitative estimation for warming from altitude and latitude effects has not been systematically investigated over Antarctic Ice Sheet, which covers more than 27 degrees of latitude and 4000 m altitude ranges. Based on the monthly surface air temperature data (1958-2020) from ERA5 reanalysis, this work aims to explore whether elevation-dependent warming (EDW) and latitude-dependent warming (LDW) exist. Results show that both EDW and LDW have the cooperative effect on Antarctic warming, and the magnitude of EDW is stronger than LDW.

Accurate 3D reconstruction of single-frame speckle-encoded textureless surfaces based on densely connected stereo matching network.

Speckle projection profilometry (SPP) determines the global correspondence between stereo images by speckle pattern(s) projection in three-dimensional (3D) vision. However, it is extremely challenging for traditional algorithms to achieve a satisfactory 3D reconstruction accuracy generally via single-frame speckle pattern, which heavily constraints the application in dynamic 3D imaging. Recently some deep learning (DL) based methods have made process in this issue but there exist deficiencies in feature extraction, leading to a limited improvement in accuracy.

Efficient 3D measurement of a HDR surface based on adaptive fringe projection.

3D measurement methods of a high-dynamic-range (HDR) surface based on adaptive fringe projection have aroused extensive research interest. They tend to pixel-wise adjust the fringe projection intensity to ensure full-field phase quality in light or dark regions, which has two problems: (1) traditional image intensity-based temporal phase unwrapping (TPU) is susceptible to noise in dark regions, and (2) it is time-consuming to project orthogonal fringe patterns for coordinate mapping and 3D reconstruction. Aiming to address these issues, we present an efficient adaptive fringe projection method where misaligned Gray code patterns are adopted to remove the phase error induced by low-frequency fringe patterns.

A Wireless Real-Time Continuous Monitoring System for the Internal Movements of Mountain Glaciers Using Sensor Networks.

With the escalation of global warming, the shrinkage of mountain glaciers has accelerated globally, the water volume from glaciers has changed, and relative disasters have increased in intensity and frequency (for example, ice avalanches, surging glaciers, and glacial lake outburst floods). However, the wireless monitoring of glacial movements cannot currently achieve omnidirectional, high-precision, real-time results, since there are some technical bottlenecks. Based on wireless networks and sensor application technologies, this study designed a wireless monitoring system for measuring the internal parameters of mountain glaciers, such as temperature, pressure, humidity, and power voltage, and for wirelessly transmitting real-time measurement data.

New evidence for rice harvesting in the early Neolithic Lower Yangtze River, China.

The Lower Yangtze River of China has been identified as an independent center of rice domestication, but tracing the earliest evidence for rice cultivation practices has been challenging. Here we report the first evidence for rice harvesting, based on use-wear and phytolith residue analyses of 52 flaked stone tools (10000-7000 BP) from the Shangshan and Hehuashan sites. The tools reflect two harvesting methods: reaping the panicles at the top and cutting the stalk near the base.

Optimal frequency selection for accuracy improvement in binary defocusing fringe projection profilometry.

The binary defocusing fringe projection profilometry (FPP) technique has demonstrated various advantages for high-speed and high-accuracy three-dimensional (3D) surface measurement. However, higher fringe frequency does not necessarily give better measurements in binary defocusing FPP. To improve the 3D geometry measurement accuracy, this paper proposes an optimal frequency selection approach by analyzing the phase error distribution under different defocusing degrees.

Theoretical analysis and experimental investigation of the Floyd-Steinberg-based fringe binary method with offset compensation for accurate 3D measurement.

Digital fringe projection (DFP) with defocused binary fringe patterns has the ability to overcome the projector nonlinearity and achieve a high-speed 3D measurement. The Floyd-Steinberg (FS) dithering technique is one of the most commonly adopted binary fringe coding methods due to its relatively high measurement accuracy. Nevertheless, we found that the FS binary fringe would cause a fixed error in the recovered phase, which is proven to be invariable for various defocusing levels and various phase-shift steps according to the analysis of the phase error based on noise model of phase-shifting profilometry.

Polar amplification comparison among Earth's three poles under different socioeconomic scenarios from CMIP6 surface air temperature.

The polar amplification (PA) has become the focus of climate change. However, there are seldom comparisons of amplification among Earth's three poles of Arctic (latitude higher than 60 °N), Antarctica (Antarctic Ice Sheet) and the Third Pole (the High Mountain Asia with the elevation higher than 4000 m) under different socioeconomic scenarios. Based on CMIP6 multi-model ensemble, two types of PA index (PAI) have been defined to quantify the PA intensity and variations, and PAI1/PAI2 is defined as the ratio of the absolute value of surface air temperature linear trend over Earth's three poles and that for global mean/over other regions except Earth's three poles.

Accurate stereo vision system calibration with chromatic concentric fringe patterns.

Camera calibration is used to determine the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of a 3D imaging system based on structured light. Traditional methods like chessboard and circular dots usually employ an intensity-based feature point detection procedure, and are susceptible to noise, image contrast, and image blur. To address these issues, we proposed an active calibration method to accurately detect the centers of chromatic concentric fringe patterns (CCFP).

Constrained nonlinear optimization method for accurate calibration of a bi-telecentric camera in a three-dimensional microtopography system.

Telecentric cameras are widely used in the field of microscopic imaging because of their constant magnification and tiny distortion in the depth of field. Camera calibration has always been a key step in the field of computer vision. Usually, the precise parameters of the telecentric camera are obtained by nonlinear optimization; however, the randomness of the optimization algorithm without proper constraints will cause the results to be inconsistent with reality.

Network pharmacology-based study on the mechanism of for treating Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a mental illness that poses a serious threat to human health worldwide. is a natural herb that can treat the effects of AD, but its specific mechanism is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential components and pharmacological pathways of in the treatment of AD.

3-D face registration solution with speckle encoding based spatial-temporal logical correlation algorithm.

3-D information acquisition (registration) of whole face plays a significant role in 3-D human face recognition application. In this paper, we develop a prototype of 3-D system consisting of two binocular measurement units that allows a full 3-D reconstruction by utilizing the advantages of a novel correlation algorithm. In this system, we use optical modulation to produce temporally and spatially varying high-density binary speckle patterns to encode the tested face, then propose a spatial-temporal logical correlation (STLC) stereo matching algorithm to fast determine the accurate disparity with a coarse and refined strategy.

Optical 3-D surface reconstruction with color binary speckle pattern encoding.

This paper proposes a novel 3-D surface profile measurement scheme by only a single-shot color binary speckle pattern (CBSP) and a temporal-spatial correlation matching algorithm, which can be applied to measurements of dynamic and static objects. R/G/B channels of CBSP are coupled with three carefully designed black and white binary speckle patterns (BWBSPs), whose physical features are associated with the system configuration parameters. We mathematically deduce the concrete details of how to design such a pattern and its relationship with the system parameters selected in the experiment.

Experimental study of temporal-spatial binary pattern projection for 3D shape acquisition.

Three-dimensional (3D) acquisition of an object with modest accuracy and speed is of particular concern in practice. The performance of digital sinusoidal fringe pattern projection using an off-the-shelf digital video projector is generally discounted by the nonlinearity and low switch rate. In this paper, a binary encoding method to encode one computer-generated standard sinusoidal fringe pattern is presented for circumventing such deficiencies.

Characterization of micro structure through hybrid interference and phase determination in broadband light interferometry.

Broadband light interferometry, which is a well-developed method for surface profiling, has been applied with great success in the past years. Conventional multi-wavelength interferometric surface profilers mostly utilize the light irradiance to locate the zero fringe order, but the accuracy and stability can be negatively influenced by intensity fluctuations and external light disturbance, which is a serious problem. In this paper we discuss a hybrid technique combining light intensity and spectral modulation to determine zero optical path difference in which the light instability can be effectively suppressed.