Alleviation of Reverse Salt Leakage across Nanofiber Supported Thin-Film Composite Forward Osmosis Membrane via Heat-Curing in Hot Water.

Electrospun nanofiber with interconnected porous structure has been studied as a promising support layer of polyamide (PA) thin-film composite (TFC) forward osmosis (FO) membrane. However, its rough surface with irregular pores is prone to the formation of a defective PA active layer after interfacial polymerization, which shows high reverse salt leakage in FO desalination. Heat-curing is beneficial for crosslinking and stabilization of the PA layer.

Practices of reasoning: persuasion and refutation in a seventeenth-century Chinese mathematical treatise of "linear algebra".

This article documents the reasoning in a mathematical work by Mei Wending, one of the most prolific mathematicians in seventeenth-century China. Based on an analysis of the mathematical content, we present Mei's systematic treatment of this particular genre of problems, fangcheng, and his efforts to refute the traditional practices in works that appeared earlier. His arguments were supported by the epistemological values he utilized to establish his system and refute the flaws in the traditional approaches.

[Reconstruction of distal segment defect of thumb with reverse dorsal radial flap].

Objective: To introduce the application of reverse dorsal radial flap in reconstruction of distal segment defect of thumb.

Methods: From January 2004 to June 2007, 24 cases of soft tissue defect with exposed bone or tendon at the distal segment of thumb were involved. The flap size ranged from 2 cm x 2 cm to 3 cm x 4 cm.

[Immediate reconstruction of tissue defects on eyelid caused by tumor excision].

Objective: To introduce the methods for immediate reconstruction of tissue defects on eyelid caused by tumor excision.

Methods: Single or combined local skin flaps were used to repair tissue defects on eyelids after tumor excision.

Results: Since 1994, 216 patients (224 sides) were treated.

[Expressions of TGF-betaR I, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad7 in keloids].

Objective: To investigate the expression of TGF-betaR I, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad7 in keloids, normal scars and normal skins. Discuss the significance of these proteins in the course of keloid.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the expression intensity and distribution of these proteins in above 3 kinds of different tissues in 44 cases.

System design and analysis of the trans-critical carbon-dioxide automotive air-conditioning system.

As an environmentally harmless and feasible alternate refrigerant, CO2 has attracted worldwide attention, especially in the area of automobile air-conditioning (AAC). The thermal property of CO2 and its trans-critical refrigeration cycle is very different from that of the traditional CFC or HCFC system. The detailed process of CO2 system thermal cycle design and optimization is described in this paper.