A review of gamification approaches in commercial cognitive bias modification gaming applications.

Background: Cognitive biases are mostly automatic processes that result in individuals giving increased attention to threatening stimuli, with the difficulties in disengaging from these stimuli. Recent reviews have reported the presence for attention bias in several psychiatric conditions and provided evidence that such biases could be subjected to modification. Web-based and mobile based bias modification have mixed efficacy and gamification techniques proposed as a solution.

Mobile Phone Cognitive Bias Modification Research Platform for Substance Use Disorders: Protocol for a Feasibility Study.

Background: Cognitive biases refer to automatic attentional and interpretational tendencies, which could be retained by cognitive bias modification interventions. Cristea et al and Jones et al have published reviews (in 2016 and 2017 respectively) on the effectiveness of such interventions. The advancement of technologies such as electronic health (eHealth) and mobile health (mHealth) has led to them being harnessed for the delivery of cognitive bias modification.

Attention and Cognitive Bias Modification Apps: Review of the Literature and of Commercially Available Apps.

Background: Automatic processes, such as attentional biases or interpretative biases, have been purported to be responsible for several psychiatric disorders. Recent reviews have highlighted that cognitive biases may be modifiable. Advances in eHealth and mHealth have been harnessed for the delivery of cognitive bias modification.

Recent Advances in Attention Bias Modification for Substance Addictions.

Research on attentional bias modification has increased since 2014. A recent meta-analysis demonstrates evidence for bias modification for substance disorders, including alcohol and tobacco use disorders. Several pharmacological trials have shown that pharmacological agents can attenuate and modify such attentional bias.

Attention Bias in Individuals with Addictive Disorders: Systematic Review Protocol.

Background: Globally, substance disorders, particularly that of opiate use, cannabis use, and stimulant use disorders, are highly prevalent. Psychological treatments are an integral aspect of intervention, but a proportion of individuals still relapse despite having received such an intervention. Recently, the dual-process theory proposed that the unconscious processes of attention biases are responsible for these relapses.

Repair of bile duct defect with degradable stent and autologous tissue in a porcine model.

Aim: To introduce and evaluate a new method to repair bile duct defect with a degradable stent and autologous tissues.

Methods: Eight Ba-Ma mini-pigs were used in this study. Experimental models with common bile duct (CBD) defect (0.