Identification of DIO2 as a Molecular Therapeutic Target for Depression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Comprehensive Bioinformatics and Experimental Study.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and depression are both common conditions with significant socioeconomic impact. The high co-occurrence of depression in CRS patients suggests a common pathophysiology, but the mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to identify potential molecular links between the two conditions.

Protein misfolding involving entanglements providesa structural explanation for the origin of stretched-exponential refolding kinetics.

Stretched-exponential protein refolding kinetics, first observed decades ago, were attributed to a nonnative ensemble of structures with parallel, non-interconverting folding pathways. However, the structural origin of the large energy barriers preventing interconversion between these folding pathways is unknown. Here, we combine simulations with limited proteolysis (LiP) and cross-linking (XL) mass spectrometry (MS) to study the protein phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK).

Irisin reverses high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction via activation of brown adipose tissue in mice.

Background: High-fat diet (HFD) induces negative effects on the activity of interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) and systemic energy metabolism. Irisin, a small hormonal agent known to modulate metabolism has been used for intervening HFD-induced obesity. However, its mechanism of action on iBAT function remains to be fully elucidated.

Enhancing SLAM algorithm with Top-K optimization and semantic descriptors.

To address the computational challenges faced by edge devices using deep learning to process LiDAR point cloud data, this paper proposes a SLAM algorithm incorporating Top-K optimization to generate semantic descriptors and global semantic map for laser data efficiently. This approach aims to reduce computational complexity while enhancing processing speed. The algorithm extracts semantic information from LiDAR data, constructs two-dimensional semantic descriptors, and improves the robot's semantic understanding of its surrounding environment.

Achieving Zero Leakage, Ultralong Lifespan, and Intrinsic Opening Sensing in Microvalves Through Structural Superlubrication and Triboelectric Nanogenerator Technologies.

Valves are critical components in advanced fluid control systems (AFCS) and play a vital role in applications such as soft robotics and medical devices. Traditional mechanical valves often suffer from issues such as leakage and wear, which compromise the efficiency and precision of air-driven systems. Here, a superlubricity microvalve (SLMV) is developed with characteristics of zero leakage, ultralong lifespan, and self-sensing capabilities.

Rethinking Data Augmentation for Single-Source Domain Generalization in OCT Image Segmentation.

Domain shifts between samples acquired with different instruments are one of the major challenges in accurate segmentation of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images. Given that OCT images may be acquired with different devices in different clinical centers, this study presents astyle and structure data augmentation (SSDA) method to improve the adaptability of segmentation models. Inspired by our initial analysis of OCT domain differences, we propose an innovative hypothesis that domain shifts are primarily due to differences in image style and anatomical structure, which further guides the design of our method.

Super antioxidant and high antibacterial ability bi-functional xylitol/2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin carbon dots with hydroxyl-functionalized for rainbow trout preservation.

In 2020, Rainbow trout production reached 959,600 tons, representing 4 % of the global trout output. However, microbial contamination and lipid and protein oxidation spoil around 15 % of total aquatic products. Traditional food preservatives, used for their antibacterial or antioxidant properties, often fall short due to the disparity between the radical-scavenging ability of antioxidants and the ROS-generating capability of antimicrobial agents.

SNX19 Interacts with Caveolin-1 and Flotillin-1 to Regulate DR Endocytosis and Signaling.

Sorting nexin 19 (SNX19) is important in the localization and trafficking of the dopamine D receptor (DR) to lipid raft microdomains. However, the interaction between SNX19 and the lipid raft components caveolin-1 or flotillin-1 and, in particular, their roles in the cellular endocytosis and cell membrane trafficking of the DR have not been determined. Caveolin-1 and flotillin-1 motifs were analyzed by in silico analysis; colocalization was observed by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy; protein-protein interaction was determined by co-immunoprecipitation.

Symptom clusters, fear of disease progression, and quality of life in postoperative gastric cancer patients: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Gastric cancer is a common tumor globally. Surgery is the preferred treatment for gastric cancer. Yet, little is known about its symptom clusters, fear of disease progression, and quality of life (QoL).

Radical Molecular Network-Buffer Minimizes Photovoltage Loss in FAPbI₃ Perovskite Solar Cells.

Formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI₃) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) hold immense potential for high-efficiency photovoltaics, but maximizing their open-circuit voltage (V) remains challenging. Targeting the inherently stable {111}-dominant facets is a promising approach for enhancing stability, but their formation typically suffers from high defect densities and disordered growth. This study introduces a novel approach using an in situ polymerizable radical molecule, ATEMPO, as an additive to address these issues.

Alpha rhythm and Alzheimer's disease: Has Hans Berger's dream come true?

In this "centenary" paper, an expert panel revisited Hans Berger's groundbreaking discovery of human restingstate electroencephalographic (rsEEG) alpha rhythms (8-12 Hz) in 1924, his foresight of substantial clinical applications in patients with "senile dementia," and new developments in the field, focusing on Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent cause of dementia in pathological aging. Clinical guidelines issued in 2024 by the US National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) and the European Neuroscience Societies did not endorse routine use of rsEEG biomarkers in the clinical workup of older adults with cognitive impairment. Nevertheless, the expert panel highlighted decades of research from independent workgroups and different techniques showing consistent evidence that abnormalities in rsEEG delta, theta, and alpha rhythms (< 30 Hz) observed in AD patients correlate with wellestablished AD biomarkers of neuropathology, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline.

Carbon dots as new antioxidants: Synthesis, activity, mechanism and application in the food industry.

Antioxidants not only prevent food spoilage, but also maintain the nutritional value of food, thereby exerting a crucial protective effect on food industry. Nanomaterials have recently been used as antioxidants because of their remarkable potential to scavenge free radicals. Of them, owing to their relatively high biocompatibility and unique physicochemical properties, carbon dots (CDs) have garnered considerable attention.

Protein phosphatase 6 regulates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis via the mTORC1 pathway.

Background & Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a serious chronic liver disease with limited therapies. Although fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analogs have shown promising therapeutic benefits for MASH in multiple preclinical and clinical studies, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive.

Methods: Liver-specific PPP6C knockout (PPP6C LKO) mice, βKlotho knockout (βKlotho LKO) and their wild-type littermates were fed with Amylin liver NASH (AMLN) diet for 16 weeks or choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDA-HFD) for 8 weeks, followed by daily subcutaneous injection of rFGF21 (0.

Mechanochemically Synthesized PEG-OTs as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor.

Polymer corrosion inhibitors are reported to form dense films on carbon steel surfaces, and their thermostability enables survival in harsh downhole environments. In this paper, PEG-OTs was synthesized by mechanochemistry using ball mill by grafting tosyl on PEG. Using this solvent-free green chemistry, non-toxic PEG and PEG-OTs with various molecular weights (600, 2000, and 10,000 g/mol) were prepared and used as corrosion inhibitors.

Predicting survival rates: the power of prognostic nomograms in distal cholangiocarcinoma.

Objective: The purpose of this research is to establish a prognostic nomogram for patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA).

Methods: We obtained clinical data from 2401 patients diagnosed with distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA) between 2010 and 2020 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. These patients were randomly assigned to either the training or validation group in a ratio of 6:4.

Dictating nanorod assembly via the hydrophilic/hydrophobic transition of polymer ligands based on Hofmeister effect.

Self-organization of anisotropic nanostructures into polymer/inorganic superstructures are of great research interest for various applications owing to their enhanced directional properties, such as plasmonics and catalysis. However, the controllable assembly and oriented growth of nanorods in solution without external template assistance remains a great challenge. Here, we report a facile Hofmeister-effect-based assembly strategy for fabricating ordered arrangements of polyethylene glycol-tethered gold nanorods (AuNRs@PEG) with controlled orientation and dimension.

Disrupted Calcium Dynamics in Reactive Astrocytes Occur with Endfeet-Arteriole Decoupling in an Amyloid Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

While cerebrovascular dysfunction and reactive astrocytosis are extensively characterized hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias, the dynamic relationship between reactive astrocytes and cerebral vessels remains poorly understood. Here, we used jGCaMP8f and two photon microscopy to investigate Ca2+ signaling in multiple astrocyte subcompartments, concurrent with changes in cerebral arteriole activity, in fully awake eight-month-old male and female 5xFAD mice, a model for AD-like pathology, and wild-type (WT) littermates. In the absence of movement, spontaneous Ca2+ transients in barrel cortex occurred more frequently in astrocyte somata, processes, and perivascular regions of 5xFAD mice.

Relationships between orofacial pain and sleep: Analysis of UK biobank and genome-wide association studies data.

Background/purpose: Orofacial pain is common in dental practices. This study aimed to explore relationships between orofacial pain and sleep using the UK Biobank dataset and, based on epidemiological associations, to investigate the causal association using genome-wide association studies data.

Materials And Methods: First, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 196,490 participants from UK Biobank.

Sagittaria sagittifolia polysaccharide extract regulates Nrf2 to improve endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in rat cataracts and HLEB3 cells.

Age-related cataract (ARC) remains the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Sagittaria sagittifolia polysaccharide (SSP) extract, a key component of Sagittaria sagittifolia L., exhibits anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects with potential applications in ARC.

Optimization of CuO/GaO Heterojunction Diodes for High-Voltage Power Electronics.

This study optimizes the CuO/GaO heterojunction diodes (HJDs) by tailoring the structural parameters of CuO layers. The hole concentration in the sputtered CuO was precisely controlled by adjusting the Ar/O gas ratio. Experimental investigations and TCAD simulations were employed to systematically evaluate the impact of the CuO layer dimension and hole concentration on the electrical performance of HJDs.

Value of Noncontrast-Enhanced Vessel Wall MRI in Longitudinal Venous System Invasion Before Robot-Assisted Radical Nephrectomy.

To explore the value of vessel wall MRI (VW-MRI) in the preoperative assessment of T3 renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) with varying degrees of longitudinal venous system invasion. Patients with RCC with pathological T3 stage between January 2016 and December 2023 were included in this retrospective study. All the patients underwent contrast-enhanced CT (CECT), conventional MRI (con-MRI) or VW-MRI.

A large histological images dataset of gastric cancer with tumour microenvironment annotation for AI.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Its clinical course varies considerably due to the highly heterogeneous tumour microenvironment (TME). Decomposing the complex TME from histological images into its constituent parts is crucial for evaluating its patterns and enhancing GC therapies.

Random resistive memory-based deep extreme point learning machine for unified visual processing.

Visual sensors, including 3D light detection and ranging, neuromorphic dynamic vision sensor, and conventional frame cameras, are increasingly integrated into edge-side intelligent machines. However, their data are heterogeneous, causing complexity in system development. Moreover, conventional digital hardware is constrained by von Neumann bottleneck and the physical limit of transistor scaling.

Spatial transcriptomics and single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed dendritic cell-mediated inflammation in keratoconus.

Keratoconus (KC) is a corneal disorder characterized by central corneal protrusion and thinning. In this study, spatial transcriptomics was employed to investigate molecular and cellular variations in KC, revealing a distinct pattern of inflammatory responses across the cornea. Upregulation of inflammatory processes was observed in the central cornea, while downregulation was noted in the periphery, indicating complex regional inflammatory changes in the KC cornea.