Cyanamide-Based Cyclization Reactions for Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles Synthesis.

Nitrogen-containing heterocycles, such as indoles and quinolines, serve as the key scaffolds in numerous pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and natural products. The synthesis methods of nitrogen-containing heterocycles show significant scientific and industrial value. As a chemical intermediate featuring dual functional groups, cyanamide plays a crucial role in organic synthesis, directly affecting the development of new drugs and the design of new materials.

Visible-Light-Promoted Radical Cascade Cyclization of 2-Vinyl Benzimidazoles: Access to Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-]isoquinolin- 11(6)-ones.

A visible-light-enabled photoredox radical cascade cyclization of 2-vinyl benzimidazole derivatives is developed. This chemistry is applicable to a wide range of -aroyl 2-vinyl benzimidazoles as acceptors, and halo compounds, including alkyl halides, acyl chlorides and sulfonyl chlorides, as radical precursors. The Langlois reagent also serves as an effective partner in this photocatalytic oxidative cascade process.

Diazotization-Enabled Deaminative Late-Stage Functionalization of Primary Sulfonamides.

We, for the first time, disclosed a simple and efficient strategy for the late-stage functionalization of primary sulfonamides by diazotization, leading to sulfonyl chlorides, sulfonates, and complex sulfonamides. This protocol obviates the requirement for the prefunctionalization of sulfonamides. Its applicability is exemplified by the late-stage functionalization of sulfonamide-type drugs.

Auricular bean embedding improves urination in epidural labor analgesia: A single center randomized controlled study.

Background: Acupoint buried beans on the auricle is a feasible method to prevent and treat postpartum urinary retention.

Objective: This study investigated the effect of auricular acupoint buried beans on postpartum urination and maternal and fetal outcomes following epidural analgesia for labor.

Methods: Two hundred forty primiparas underwent vaginal trial labor analgesia from May 2020 to January 2021 and were randomly placed into the intervention and control groups.

Transcriptomic responses of roots in response to polyethylene glycol - 6000 stimulated drought stress.

Drought is the abiotic factor that adversely affects plant growth, development survival, and crop productivity, posing a substantial threat to sustainable agriculture worldwide, especially in warm and dry areas. However, the extent of damage depends upon the crop growth stage, severity and frequency of the stress. In general, the reproductive growth phase is more sensitive to stresses causing a substantial loss in crop productivity.

SERPINE1 Gene Is a Reliable Molecular Marker for the Early Diagnosis of Aortic Dissection.

With the acceleration of population aging, the detection rate of aortic dissection has increased. The incidence rate of aortic dissection has increased year by year and has become a serious threat to human health. However, the current clinical treatment of aortic dissection is mainly limited to surgery (including intracavity), but the complexity of the disease and the high risk of surgery seriously affect the overall treatment effect of the disease.

Visible-Light Photoredox Catalyzed Double C-H Functionalization: Radical Cascade Cyclization of Ethers with Benzimidazole-Based Cyanamides.

A visible-light photoredox catalyzed radical cascade cyclization of simple ethers with cyanamides is developed at room temperature. This strategy involves sequential inert C-H/C-H functionalizations through intermolecular addition reaction of oxyalkyl radicals to -cyano groups followed by radical cyclization of iminyl radicals generated with C-2 aryl rings. This method allows for efficient synthesis of tetracyclic benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-]quinazolines.

Short-term and mid-term effects of radiofrequency ablation in mitral valve surgery in patients with different left atrial sizes.

Background: To evaluate the efficacy of atrial fibrillation radiofrequency ablation (AFRA) in patients with chronic valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) with different left atrial sizes [left atrial diameter (LAD) >45 or ≤45 mm].

Methods: Between May 2016 and January 2019, 264 patients who underwent cardiac operations with modified bipolar AFRA in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, PLA General Hospital, were enrolled. The clinical data of the patients were analysed, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were implemented.

Stabilization of the Dual-Aromatic cyclo-N Anion by Acidic Entrapment.

Pentazole anion, the best candidate for full-nitrogen energetic materials, can be isolated only from acidic solution for unclear reasons, which hinders the high-yield realization of a full-nitrogen substance with higher energy density. Herein, we report for the first time the discovery of the dual aromaticity (π and σ) of cyclo-N, which makes the anion unstable in nature but confers additional stability in acidic surroundings. In addition to the usual π-aromaticity, similar to that of the prototypical benzene, five lone pairs are delocalized in the equatorial plane of cyclo-N, forming additional σ-aromaticity.

Revealing Solid Properties of High-energy-density Molecular Cocrystals from the Cooperation of Hydrogen Bonding and Molecular Polarizability.

In the domain of high-energy-density materials, the understanding to physico-chemical properties has long been primarily based on molecular structures whereas the crystal packing effect that significantly affects solid properties has been seldom involved. Herewith we predict the solid properties of six novel energetic cocrystals by taking into account of the crystal packing effect using a quantum chemistry method. We discover that the hydrogen bonding causes an increase in the molecular polarizability and their cooperation significantly changes the solid-state nature of the cocrystals compared to the pristine crystal and the gas counterparts.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Lambl's Excrescence on the Aortic Valve.

Our objective is to summarize our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of Lambl's excrescence (LE) on the aortic valve. Methods: The clinical data of 25 patients with LE admitted to our hospital from January 2010 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 17 males and 8 females, with the mean age of 55.

Aerobic oxidative acylation of nitroarenes with arylacetic esters under mild conditions: facile access to diarylketones.

A facile and regioselective base-mediated aerobic oxidative acylation of nitroarenes to access diarylketones under mild conditions has been developed. It features the use of bench-stable and readily available arylacetates as acyl surrogates, and the absence of transition-metals and synthetic oxidants. This protocol involves a cascade CDC/oxidative decarboxylation process.

Formal aromaticity transfer for palladium-catalyzed coupling between phenols and pyrrolidines/indolines.

We herein describe a palladium-catalyzed formal aromaticity transfer coupling reaction between phenols and pyrrolidines or indolines to generate the corresponding -cyclohexyl pyrroles or indoles. In this transformation, the aromaticity of phenols is formally passed on to the pyrrolidine or indoline units. Substituted phenols thus can serve as latent cyclohexyl equivalents for the fast construction of various -cyclohexyl pyrroles and indoles.

Structural, mechanical properties, and vibrational spectra of LLM-105 under high pressures from a first-principles study.

In this work, we report the structure, mechanical properties, and vibrational spectra of 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105), an energetic molecular crystal, with a first-principles method based on density functional theory (DFT) using the recentely developped HASEM package. The elastic constants, acoustic velocity, and parameters of equations of state were calculated, and the predicted ordering of stiffness constants is C (38.5 GPa) > C (24.

Phase Transition in Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) under Static Compression: An Application of the First-Principles Method Specialized for CHNO Solid Explosives.

The first-principles method is challenged by accurate prediction of van der Waals interactions, which are ubiquitous in nature and crucial for determining the structure of molecules and condensed matter. We have contributed to this by constructing a set of pseudopotentials and pseudoatomic orbital basis specialized for molecular systems consisting of C/H/N/O elements. The reliability of the present method is verified from the interaction energies of 45 kinds of complexes (comparing with CCSD(T)) and the crystalline structures of 23 kinds of typical explosive solids (comparing with experiments).

From intermolecular interactions to structures and properties of a novel cocrystal explosive: a first-principles study.

By employing a first-principles method, we conducted a thorough study on a novel cocrystal explosive 1 : 1 NTO : TZTN and gained insight into the interaction-structure-property interrelationship. Mulliken bond orders, Hirshfeld surfaces, intermolecular binding energies, packing coefficients, and oxygen balance were calculated to analyze the intermolecular interactions and structures of the cocrystal explosive. The cocrystallization of NTO and TZTN molecules enhances the intermolecular binding force, which drives the synthesis of the cocrystal.

Combined treatment of ulinastatin and tranexamic acid provides beneficial effects by inhibiting inflammatory and fibrinolytic response in patients undergoing heart valve replacement surgery.

Objective: To investigate the effect of ulinastatin and tranexamic acid administered alone or in combination on inflammatory cytokines and fibrinolytic system in patients undergoing heart valve replacement surgery during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Background: CPB-induced fibrinolytic hyperfunction and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) are the leading causes responsible for the occurrence of postsurgical complications such as postsurgical cardiac insufficiency and lung injury, which may lead to an increase in postsurgical bleeding, prolongation of hospital stay, and increased costs.

Methods: One hundred twenty patients undergoing heart valve replacement surgery during CPB were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 30 patients each: blank control group (Group C), tranexamic acid group (Group T), ulinastatin group (Group U), and tranexamic acid-ulinastatin combination group (Group D).

[Acute kidney injury early after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: clinical analysis].

Objective: To explore the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in early stage after cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and discuss the perioperative risk factors and its impact on clinical outcome.

Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed among 1472 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB between January 2008 and April 2011. The postoperative occurrence of AKI following cardiac surgery was stratified according to the RIFLE criteria.

Surgical treatment of isolated right-sided infective endocarditis.

We reviewed our department's experience with the perioperative features and surgical treatment of isolated right-sided infective endocarditis. From January 2000 through July 2010, 35 patients underwent surgery for isolated right-sided infective endocarditis in our department. The mean pathologic course was 3.

[Live three-dimensional and two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography for evaluating functional anatomy of mitral regurgitation: a comparative study].

Objective: To compare the accuracy of live three-dimensional (Live-3D-TEE) and two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2D-TEE) in the evaluation of functional anatomy of mitral regurgitation. METHDOS: Thirty-eight consecutive patients with severe mitral regurgitation were enrolled prospectively. The accuracy of Live-3D-TEE and 2D-TEE for functional assessment of mitral regurgitation was evaluated against surgical findings.

[Prosthesis-patient mismatch in the mitral valve position: the initial result of a single-institutional observational study in China].

Objective: To analysis the causes of valve prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) after mitral valve replacement in Chinese patients.

Methods: Consecutive 100 patients for elective mitral valve replacement from January 2009 to June 2009 were enrolled and followed for this study. There were 37 males and 63 females.

Congenital mitral valve regurgitation in adult patients.

Objective: Congenital mitral valve regurgitation (MVR) is a rare disease found in adults. We report on our 5-year surgical experience with congenital MVR in adults.

Methods: We reviewed the data for 48 consecutive patients (26 men), aged >18 years (median, 42 years; range, 18-78 years) who underwent operations for severe congenital MVR between June 2005 and May 2010.

[Effects of peri-operative intra-aortic balloon pump support in high EuroSCORE patients undergoing cardiac surgery].

Objective: To analyze the effects of perioperative intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) support in EuroSCORE high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery, and evaluate the risk factors associated with mortality and midterm survival.

Methods: Fifty-eight patients with EuroSCORE of no less than 6 underwent cardiac surgery and received peri-operative IABP support, including 29 with preoperative IABP support, 21 with intra-operative IABP support, and 8 with postoperative IABP support. The patients who survived the surgeries were followed up for at least 1 year.