Mycobacterium tuberculosis short mutant H37Rv-S with reduced growth adaptability is more readily recognized by the host immune system.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the bacterium responsible for causing Tuberculosis (TB) and understanding its mechanisms of virulence, persistence, and pathogenesis is a global research priority. Attenuated strains of Mtb are valuable tools for investigating the genes and proteins involved in these processes. In this study, we identified an Mtb mutant, H37Rv-S, which exhibits a shorter mycelium, smoother colony, slower growth, and reduced antibiotics resistance compared to the wild-type strain H37Rv.

Changes in total sulfur of lake sediments from central-eastern China linked to volcanic aerosol and human activity.

Investigations into the repercussions of human activities on global climate and the ecological environment have received widespread attention. Over the past century, research has primarily focused on the impact of heavy metals and nutrients on lake ecosystems, along with their links to human activities. However, there is a noticeable dearth in explorations of historical variations in sulfur (S), an element that also has complex adverse effects on the environment and ecosystems.

Pyrotinib induces cell death in HER2-positive breast cancer via triggering HSP90-dependent HER2 degradation and ROS/HSF-1-dependent oxidative DNA damage.

HER2-positive breast cancer (HER2+ BC) is distinguished by its poor prognosis, propensity for early onset, and high risk of recurrence and metastasis. Consequently, anti-HER2-targeted therapy has emerged as a principal strategy in the treatment of this form of breast cancer. Pyrotinib, a novel irreversible pan-HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has brought fresh hope to patients with advanced HER2+ breast cancer.

Altingia chinensis petroleum ether extract suppresses NSCLC via induction of apoptosis, attenuation of EMT, and downregulation of PI3K/Akt pathway.

Background: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the primary type of lung cancer with the leading cause of fatalities from cancer, and the effective treatment is minimal. Altingia chinensis is a medicinal plant utilized as a traditional folk remedy to alleviate rheumatism, punch injury and paralysis. APE is the petroleum ether extract from A.

Development and validation of the self-neglect questionnaire for Chinese hospitalized older adults.

This study developed the Self-neglect Questionnaire for Chinese Hospitalized Older Adults (SNQ-CHOA) and evaluated its psychometric properties. The questionnaire development followed two phases. Phase 1 included item pool construction, content validity examination and pilot study.

Two sides of the coin: synthesis and applications of Janus particles.

Named after the two-faced Roman god, Janus particles (JPs) are defined by their distinct dual chemical compositions on a single particle. Research on micron-sized JPs has yielded remarkable insights, showcasing their unique assembly behaviors both in bulk and at interfaces. However, significant challenges persist, particularly in the synthesis of smaller (<500 nm) JPs, which remains complex and difficult to scale up.

Synthesis of 4-Amino-5-nitro-7-pyrazolo[3,4-][1,2,3]triazine-2-oxide and Its Heat-Resistant Derivatives.

4-Amino-5-nitro-7-pyrazolo[3,4-][1,2,3]triazine-2-oxide () is synthesized via one step in this study. Subsequently, 4,7-diamino-5-nitro-pyrazolo[3,4-][1,2,3]triazine-2-oxide (), 4-oxo-5-nitro-7-pyrazolo[3,4-][1,2,3]triazine-2-oxide (), and several heat-resistant salts are synthesized through local structural modifications on . Comparison of thermal stability between and indicates that while the amino group has a negative impact on the thermal stability of , it enhances the detonation performance of and effectively reduces its mechanical sensitivity.

Cardiomyocyte-derived exosomes promote cardiomyocyte proliferation and neonatal heart regeneration.

Heart regeneration was mainly achieved by intrinsic capacity. Exosomes are crucial in cardiovascular disease, yet their involvement in myocardial regeneration remains underexplored. To understand the role of cardiomyocyte-derived exosomes (CM-Exos) in heart regeneration.

The evaluation on control potential using X-ray to irradiate adult Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Background: The sterile insect technique (SIT), involving the rearing of larvae for pupation followed by irradiating pupae, is employed for environmentally friendly invasive pest management. Despite its effectiveness, the cost of pupae production poses challenges for small farmers in developing countries. Alternatively, utilizing insect trapping techniques can capture abundant adult insects in their natural habitats, but application potential of adult SIT approach remains unclear.

Combined dual-channel fluorescence depth sensing of indocyanine green and protoporphyrin IX kinetics in subcutaneous murine tumors.

Significance: Fluorescence sensing within tissue is an effective tool for tissue characterization; however, the modality and geometry of the image acquisition can alter the observed signal.

Aim: We introduce a novel optical fiber-based system capable of measuring two fluorescent contrast agents through 2 cm of tissue with simple passive electronic switching between the excitation light, simultaneously acquiring fluorescence and excitation data. The goal was to quantify indocyanine green (ICG) and protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) within tissue, and the sampling method was compared with wide-field surface imaging to contrast the value of deep sensing versus surface imaging.

Evaluating the efficacy of curcumin in the management of oral potentially malignant disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) not only harbour the risk of malignant transformation but can also affect patients' quality of life owing to severe symptoms. Therefore, there is an urgent need for therapeutic strategies to improve patients' quality of life. The objective of this meta-analysis was to comprehensively assess the efficacy of curcumin in the management of OPMDs.

Microplastics accumulated in breast cancer patients lead to mitophagy via ANXA2-mediated endocytosis and IL-17 signaling pathway.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women and the leading cause of cancer death. Microplastics (MPs) are plastic fragments with a diameter of less than 5 mm, easily ingested by organisms. Although MPs have been reported to enter the human body through diet, surgery, etc.

Innovative modeling on the effects of low-temperature stress on rice yields.

The increasing frequency and intensity of low-temperature events in temperate and cold rice production regions threaten rice yields under climate change. While process-based crop models can project climate impacts on rice yield, their accuracy under low-temperature conditions has not been well-evaluated. Our six-year chamber experiments revealed that low temperatures reduce spikelet fertility from panicle initiation to flowering, grain number per spike during panicle development, and grain weight during grain filling.

Recent progress in Si/TiCT MXene anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major global health issue, causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis and continuous monitoring of physiological signals are crucial for managing cardiovascular diseases, necessitating the development of lightweight and cost-effective wearable devices. These devices should incorporate portable energy storage systems, such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).

Comparison of three methods in the surgical treatment of mediastinal roof tumors.

Background: Robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) are new modes for the surgical treatment of mediastinal tumors. The differences in perioperative efficacy and safety among RATS, VATS, and conventional open surgery (COS) are a major concern for surgeons. Most of the previous studies have not paid sufficient attention to mediastinal roof tumors.

Regional and longitudinal dynamics of human milk protein components assessed by proteome analysis on a fast and robust micro-flow LC-MS/MS system.

An in-depth exploration of molecular composition of human milk could provide a scientific basis for the development of substitutes. The present study was conducted to analyze human milk proteins from 110 individuals from five regions of China and across three stages of lactation to investigate the change patterns. We developed a micro-flow liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (μLC-MS/MS) system with data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics technology that can rapidly and stably characterize the human milk proteome.

Exposure to copper and copper-based nanoparticles induces hepatopancreatic mitochondrial dysfunction by triggering mtROS mediated apoptosis and mitophagy in Eriocheir sinensis.

Copper (Cu) is an important metal pollutant commonly found in aquatic environment owing to its inherent bioaccumulation and biomagnification potentials and long-term persistence in environmental compartments. The application of novel fabricated copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) has led to cytotoxicity in aquatic animals. However, the differences in underlying toxicity mechanisms between Cu-NPs and waterborne Cu (such as CuSO) remain unelucidated.

Classic Vocal Performance Training Through C-VaC Method: Study of Core Muscle Stability Warm-Up Techniques via Computer-Aided Analysis.

Vocal warm-up is essential for achieving optimal vocal performance; however, traditional methods often neglect the role of core muscle stability. This study presents the Combined Vocal and Core Muscle Stability Warm-Up Method (C-VaC), which integrates core stability training with vocal exercises to improve vocal performance. The effectiveness of the C-VaC method was assessed among soprano majors at various stages using computer-assisted audio analysis for objective measurement.

Synergistic effects of Li01 and psyllium husk prevent mice from developing loperamide-induced constipation.

Constipation is a gastrointestinal (GI) condition marked by difficulty in defecation, abdominal pain and distension, significantly impacting both physical and mental health. Li01 (Li01) is a probiotic known to prevent constipation in mice, while psyllium husk (PSH) is a dietary fiber with high water retention, acting as an intestinal lubricant. This study investigates the effects of a combined treatment of Li01 and PSH on mice with loperamide-induced constipation.

Biomaterial-mediated delivery of traditional Chinese medicine ingredients for spinal cord injury: a systematic review.

Objective: Biomaterials loaded with ingredients derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are viewed as a promising strategy for treating spinal cord injury (SCI). However, a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on this topic has not yet been conducted. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews researches related to this approach, aiming to identify gaps and shortcomings in the field.

Literature review of the potential harm and mechanisms of mercury poisoning related to cosmetics.

Mercury content is a critical indicator for quality control in cosmetics. Historically, mercury poisoning was primarily linked to occupational exposures. However, with the widespread household exposure to mercury, especially in cosmetics, non-occupational mercury poisoning has become increasingly prevalent.

Correlation of serum H-FABP, sTREM-1, and HMGB1 levels with severity and prognosis of sepsis.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between serum levels of Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP), Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 1 (sTREM-1), and High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) with disease severity, and their prognostic value in sepsis.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using the clinical data from 86 sepsis patients admitted to West China Hospital of Sichuan University between June 2021 and December 2023, and these cases constituted the observation group. In addition, clinical data from 80 healthy individuals who underwent medical examinations at our hospital during the same period served as the control group.

An integrated approach for studying exposure, metabolism, and disposition of traditional Chinese medicine using PATBS and MDRB tools: a case study of semen Armeniacae Amarum.

Background: Deciphering the in vivo processes of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is crucial for identifying new pharmacodynamic substances and new drugs. Due to the complexity and diversity of components, investigating the exposure, metabolism, and disposition remains a major challenge in TCM research. In recent years, a number of non-targeted smart mass-spectrometry (MS) techniques, such as precise-and-thorough background-subtraction (PATBS) and metabolomics, have realized the intelligent identification of in vivo components of TCM.