The effect of slow breathing in regulating anxiety.

Anxiety is an interactive disorder of the mind and body, characterized by excessive worry about uncertain future events and a dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. Previous studies have shown that slow, deep breathing can reduce physical tension, and anxiety. Although we know that slow and deep breathing techniques can effectively regulate anxiety and other emotions, the psychological and neurophysiological mechanisms of slow breathing on anxiety have not been systematically explored.

Antiageing strategy for neurodegenerative diseases: from mechanisms to clinical advances.

In the context of global ageing, the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases and dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), is increasing. However, the current symptomatic and disease-modifying therapies have achieved limited benefits for neurodegenerative diseases in clinical settings. Halting the progress of neurodegeneration and cognitive decline or even improving impaired cognition and function are the clinically meaningful goals of treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.

Dihydromyricetin regulates the miR-155-5p/SIRT1/VDAC1 pathway to promote liver regeneration and improve alcohol-induced liver injury.

Background: Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) has become an increasingly serious global health issue. In recent years, growing evidence has highlighted the restoration of liver regenerative capacity as an effective therapeutic strategy for improving ALD. Previous studies have demonstrated the protective effect of dihydromyricetin (DMY) in alcohol-induced liver injury, but its pharmacological role in ALD-related liver regeneration impairment remains poorly understood.

Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the immune mechanisms by which tonsillectomy improves clinical outcomes of recurrent Immuoglobulin A nephropathy after kidney transplant.

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy recurrence (IgANR) is a major cause of graft function loss in renal transplant patients with IgA nephropathy. Tonsillectomy has been recognized as an effective treatment for IgANR, but the cellular and molecular effects underlying its efficacy remain poorly understood. We aimed to identify the cell types and gene expression profiles in tonsillar tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to investigate the effectiveness of tonsillectomy in IgANR treatment.

Semantic memory structure mediates the role of brain functional connectivity in creative writing.

Associative theories of creativity posit that high-creativity individuals possess flexible semantic memory structures that allow broad access to varied information. However, the semantic memory structure characteristics and neural substrates of creative writing are unclear. Here, we explored the semantic network features and the predictive whole-brain functional connectivity associated with creative writing and generated mediation models.

[Research progress in mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides in prevention and treatment of alcoholic liver disease].

Alcoholic liver disease(ALD), a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, poses a serious threat to human health. Despite the availability of various drugs for treating ALD, their efficacy is often uncertain, necessitating the search for new therapeutic approaches. Traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides have garnered increasing attention in recent years due to their versatility, high efficiency, and low side effects, and they have demonstrated significant potential in preventing and treating ALD.

Clinical advances in kidney autotransplantation: a review.

Kidney autotransplantation is a surgical procedure with multiple indications and advancing technological approaches. Kidney autotransplantation is used to address complex kidney-related diseases including renal vascular lesions, ureteral diseases, tumors, loin pain-hematuria syndrome, and conditions affecting a solitary kidney or both kidneys. Renal artery lesions, including aneurysms and stenoses, often necessitate kidney autotransplantation in cases involving renal artery bifurcation or distant failure of endovascular repair.

Disrupted functional connectivity of the emotion regulation network in major depressive disorder and its association with symptom improvement: A multisite resting-state functional MRI study.

Background: The emotion regulation network (ERN) in the brain provides a framework for understanding the neuropathology of affective disorders. Although previous neuroimaging studies have investigated the neurobiological correlates of the ERN in major depressive disorder (MDD), whether patients with MDD exhibit abnormal functional connectivity (FC) patterns in the ERN and whether the abnormal FC in the ERN can serve as a therapeutic response signature remain unclear.

Methods: A large functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset comprising 709 patients with MDD and 725 healthy controls (HCs) recruited across five sites was analyzed.

Hierarchical Neurocognitive Model of Externalizing and Internalizing Comorbidity.

Mounting evidence suggests hierarchical psychopathology factors underlying psychiatric comorbidity. However, the exact neurobiological characterizations of these multilevel factors remain elusive. In this study, leveraging the brain-behavior predictive framework with a 10-year longitudinal imaging-genetic cohort (IMAGEN, ages 14, 19 and 23, = 1,750), we constructed two neural factors underlying externalizing and internalizing symptoms, which were reproducible across six clinical and population-based datasets (ABCD, STRATIFY/ESTRA, ABIDE II, ADHD-200 and XiNan, from age 10 to age 36, = 3,765).

The Influence of Trait and State Creative Self-Efficacy on Creative Behavior: An Experimental Study Using False Feedback.

This study explores the relationship between creative self-efficacy and creative behavior by modulating state-level creative self-efficacy through false feedback to enhance creative performance. In Study 1, 1539 college students completed the Alternative Uses Task (AUT) to measure performance-based creativity and the Creative Achievement Questionnaire (CAQ) to assess self-reported creative achievements. The Big Five personality traits and curiosity served as covariates.

Dynamic switching between brain networks predicts creative ability.

Creativity is hypothesized to arise from a mental state which balances spontaneous thought and cognitive control, corresponding to functional connectivity between the brain's Default Mode (DMN) and Executive Control (ECN) Networks. Here, we conduct a large-scale, multi-center examination of this hypothesis. Employing a meta-analytic network neuroscience approach, we analyze resting-state fMRI and creative task performance across 10 independent samples from Austria, Canada, China, Japan, and the United States (N = 2433)-constituting the largest and most ethnically diverse creativity neuroscience study to date.

Interfacial Metal Oxides Stabilize Cu Oxidation States for Electrocatalytical CO Reduction.

Modulating the oxidation state of copper (Cu) is crucial for enhancing the electrocatalytic CO reduction reaction (CORR), particularly for facilitating deep reductions to produce methane (CH) or multi-carbon (C) products. However, Cu sites are thermodynamically unstable, fluctuating their oxidation states under reaction conditions, which complicates their functionality. Incorporating interfacial metal oxides has emerged as an effective strategy for stabilizing these oxidation states.

Validation of the I- and D-type epistemic curiosity scale among young Chinese children and implications on early curiosity nurture.

Curiosity, an innate and intrinsic motivation to explore, makes vital contributions to learning in individuals of various ages. Epistemic curiosity centers on the drive to close information gaps and can be classified into joyous exploration and interest (I) and deprivation sensitivity (D) types. Each subtype is associated with different academic achievements, personality traits, emotions, and aspects of creativity.

Empathy to Creativity: The Associations Between Empathy and Everyday Creativity.

Objective: Everyday creativity is fundamental to human existence and improved well-being. Beyond recent attention regarding how contextual, lifestyle, personality, and neurobiological differences might foster everyday creativity, empathy may also constitute an intriguing connection. However, this potential relationship has not yet been systematically assessed.

Functional connectivity induced by social cognition task predict individual differences in loneliness.

Loneliness is intricately connected to social cognition, yet the precise brain mechanisms that underscore their relationship need further exploration. The present study employed a theory of mind processing task that engaged participants in assessing the trajectories of geometric shapes while undergoing fMRI scans. The comprehensive data pool encompassed loneliness assessments and brain imaging data from a cohort of 157 participants.

Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD): current perspectives on pathogenesis, therapeutic strategies, and animal models.

Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It encompasses conditions such as fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, chronic hepatitis with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Numerous recent studies have demonstrated the critical role of oxidative stress, abnormal lipid metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress, various forms of cell death (including apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis), intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, liver immune response, cell autophagy, and epigenetic abnormalities in the pathogenesis of ALD.

ADRB2 serves as a novel biomarker and attenuates alcoholic hepatitis via the SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARα pathway: integration of WGCNA, machine learning and experimental validation.

Background: Alcoholic hepatitis is a severe inflammatory liver disease. In recent years, the incidence of AH has been on the rise, leading to an increasingly severe disease burden. Currently, there is a lack of specific biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of AH in clinical practice.

How Freely Moving Mind Wandering Relates to Creativity: Behavioral and Neural Evidence.

Previous studies have demonstrated that mind wandering during incubation phases enhances post-incubation creative performance. Recent empirical evidence, however, has highlighted a specific form of mind wandering closely related to creativity, termed freely moving mind wandering (FMMW). In this study, we examined the behavioral and neural associations between FMMW and creativity.

Shared differential factors underlying individual spontaneous neural activity abnormalities in major depressive disorder.

Background: In contemporary neuroimaging studies, it has been observed that patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit aberrant spontaneous neural activity, commonly quantified through the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF). However, the substantial individual heterogeneity among patients poses a challenge to reaching a unified conclusion.

Methods: To address this variability, our study adopts a novel framework to parse individualized ALFF abnormalities.

Subtle Modifications in Interface Configurations of Iron/Cobalt Phthalocyanine-Based Electrocatalysts Determine Molecular CO Reduction Activities.

Strain engineering has emerged as a powerful approach in steering material properties. However, the mechanism and potential limitations remain poorly understood. Here we report that subtle changes in molecular configurations can profoundly affect, conducively or adversely, the catalytic selectivity and product turnover frequencies (TOFs) of CO reduction reaction.

Shen Qi Wan regulates OPN/CD44/PI3K pathway to improve airway inflammation in COPD: Network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and experimental validation.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common respiratory diseases with undefined pathogenesis and unsatisfactory therapeutic options. Shenqi Wan (SQW), a traditional Chinese medicinal compound, has demonstrated certain preventive and therapeutic effects on COPD. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

Frequent absent mindedness and the neural mechanism trapped by mobile phone addiction.

With the increased availability and sophistication of digital devices in the last decade, young people have become mainstream mobile phone users. Heavy mobile phone dependence causes affective problems (depression, anxiety) and loss of attention on current activities, leading to more cluttered thoughts. Problematic mobile phone use has been found to increase the occurrence of mind wandering, but the neural mechanism underlying this relationship remains unclear.

Examining the moderating role of depressive symptoms on the dynamic interplay between cognitive reappraisal and rumination: Evidence from experience sampling.

The dynamic view of emotion regulation (ER) posits that ER is a temporally dynamic process unfolding over time. Cognitive reappraisal and rumination, two extensively investigated ER strategies, are implicated in depression. However, it remains unclear whether these two strategies exhibit reciprocal relations in real-world contexts, and whether such relations vary across baseline depressive symptoms.