Study on Flame Retardancy of Cotton Fabric Modified by Sulfonic Groups Chelated with Ba.

A simple and innovative method was introduced for the production of green and recoverable flame-retardant cotton fabrics, where sulfonated cotton fabric (COT-SC) was synthesized by oxidizing cotton fabric with sodium periodate, followed by a sulfonation step with sodium bisulfite to provide active sites, which further chelated barium ions (Ba) to achieve flame retardancy. The morphological and structural characterizations of the fabricated cotton fabrics (COT-SC-Ba) demonstrated that the cleavage of C-C free hydroxy groups within the cellulose macromolecule was chemically modified for grafting a considerable number of sulfonic acid groups, and Ba ions were effectively immobilized on the macromolecule of the cotton fabric through a chelation effect. Results from cone calorimeter tests (CCTs) revealed that COT-SC-Ba became nonflammable, displayed a delayed ignition time, and decreased the values of the heat release rate (HRR), total smoke release (TSR), effective heat of combustion (EHC), and CO/CO ratio.

Screening of lipase TiL from Tilletia indica for chemo-enzymatic epoxidation of alkenes.

Lipase can mediate the chemo-enzymatic epoxidation of alkenes with the presence of free carboxylic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Four novel lipases with the abilities of chemo-enzymatic epoxidation were mined from the gene database. Lipase TiL originated from Tilletia indica was identified with significant activity on formation of methyl epoxystearate from methyl oleate.

Lignin as a bioderived modular surfactant and intercalant for TiCT MXene stabilization and tunable functions.

Controlled tailoring of atomically thin MXene interlayer spacings by surfactant/intercalants (e.g., polymers, ligands, small molecules) is important to maximize their potential for application.

Measurements of the Rovibrationally Dependent Lifetimes of C in the 1Σ and Σ States through the VUV-Pump-UV-Probe Scheme.

The dicarbon molecule, C, is one of the most important diatomic species in various gaseous environments. Despite extensive spectroscopic studies in the last two centuries, the radiative and photodissociative properties of C in its highly excited electronic states are still largely unexplored, particularly in the short vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region. In this study, the lifetimes of C for rotational levels in the recently identified 1Σ state up to the vibrational level ν' = 4 and in the Σ state up to ν' = 2 are measured for the first time with a VUV-pump-UV-probe photoionization scheme.

Acupuncture for patients with Alzheimer's disease: An evidence map of randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis.

Acupuncture is an effective complementary treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review aims to summarize the available evidence provided by randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews (SRs) or meta-analyses (MAs) on the effect of acupuncture on AD. To systematically summarize and combine clinical research evidence on AD distribution.

Establishment and validation of a prediction model for gastric cancer with perineural invasion based on preoperative inflammatory markers.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent malignant tumor of the digestive system, characterized by a poor prognosis and high recurrence rate. Perineural invasion (PNI), the neoplastic infiltration of nerves, is a significant predictor of survival outcome in GC. Accurate preoperative identification of PNI could facilitate patient stratification and optimal preoperative treatment.

Early colorectal cancer diagnosis: A novel methylated stool DNA model enhanced the diagnostic efficiency.

Background: Methylated stool DNA (sDNA) is a reliable noninvasive biomarker for early colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis. However, there are barely any diagnostic panels that can achieve both a sensitivity and specificity exceeding 90% simultaneously.

Objective: We aimed to identify a novel methylated sDNA panel and model for the early diagnosis of CRC.

(+)-3,6-Epoxymaaliane: A Novel Derivative of (+)-Bicyclogermacrene Oxidation Catalyzed by CYP450 BM3-139-3 and Its Variants.

(+)-Bicyclogermacrene is a sesquiterpene compound found in various plant essential oils and serves as a crucial precursor for multiple biologically active compounds. Many derivatives of (+)-bicyclogermacrene have been shown to exhibit valuable bioactivities. Cytochrome P450 BM3 from Bacillus megaterium can catalyze a variety of substrates and different types of oxidation reactions, making it become a powerful tool for oxidizing terpenes.

A High-Throughput Visual Screen for the Directed Evolution of Cβ-stereoselectivity of L-threonine Aldolase.

L-Threonine aldolase (L-TA) is a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reversible condensation of glycine and aldehydes to form β-hydroxy-α-amino acids. The combination of directed evolution and efficient high-throughput screening methods is an effective strategy for enhancing the enzyme's catalytic performance. However, few feasible high-throughput methods exist for engineering the C-stereoselectivity of L-TAs.

The basic biology of NK cells and its application in tumor immunotherapy.

Natural Killer (NK) cells play a crucial role as effector cells within the tumor immune microenvironment, capable of identifying and eliminating tumor cells through the expression of diverse activating and inhibitory receptors that recognize tumor-related ligands. Therefore, harnessing NK cells for therapeutic purposes represents a significant adjunct to T cell-based tumor immunotherapy strategies. Presently, NK cell-based tumor immunotherapy strategies encompass various approaches, including adoptive NK cell therapy, cytokine therapy, antibody-based NK cell therapy (enhancing ADCC mediated by NK cells, NK cell engagers, immune checkpoint blockade therapy) and the utilization of nanoparticles and small molecules to modulate NK cell anti-tumor functionality.

Strongly Rotationally Dependent Lifetimes of C in the 2Σ State: Implications for Predissociation in the Vacuum Ultraviolet Region.

The radiative and photodissociative properties of the dicarbon molecule, C, in high-lying electronic states are of utmost importance for modeling the photochemical processes that occur in various astronomical environments. Despite extensive spectroscopic studies in the last two centuries, the photodissociation properties of C are still largely unknown, particularly for quantum states in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region. Here, the lifetimes of C for each individual rovibrational level in the recently identified 2Σ state are measured for the first time using a VUV-pump-UV-probe photoionization scheme.

Sophisticated Structural Ceramics Shaped from 3D Printed Hydrogel Preceramic Skeleton.

Shaping ceramic materials into sophisticated architecture with 3D hierarchical structure is desirable in multiapplication yet remains challenge due to their brittle and stiff nature. Herein, a new method to achieve ceramic architectures with unsupported and large-spanning structure by shaping vat photopolymerization 3D printed hydrogel preceramic skeleton with unique flexible and deformable character is proposed. Specifically, the present photopolymerizable hydrogel preceramic achieves one stone, two birds: the photosensitive polymer matrix coupled with ceramic nanoparticles for the first shaping by vat photopolymerization 3D printing and the secondary plasticity of the 3D printed ceramic body through flexible shape deformation of hydrogel networks.

Intercropping enhances maize growth and nutrient uptake by driving the link between rhizosphere metabolites and microbiomes.

Intercropping leads to different plant roots directly influencing belowground processes and has gained interest for its promotion of increased crop yields and resource utilization. However, the precise mechanisms through which the interactions between rhizosphere metabolites and the microbiome contribute to plant production remain ambiguous, thus impeding the understanding of the yield-enhancing advantages of intercropping. This study conducted field experiments (initiated in 2013) and pot experiments, coupled with multi-omics analysis, to investigate plant-metabolite-microbiome interactions in the rhizosphere of maize.

Signaling pathways in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with acupuncture: a narrative review.

Background: To date, there is no effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is increasing in prevalence worldwide. The objective of this review was to summarize the core targets and signaling pathways involved in acupuncture treatment for AD.

Methods: We reviewed numerous signaling pathways, including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3 K/Akt), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor (NF)-kB, p53, Wnt, nitric oxide (NO), Janus kinase / signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/ STAT), RhoA/ROCK (Rho-associated protein kinase) and Ca/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) / cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element-binding protein (CREB).

Synthesis of a novel Si-N-S flame retardant and its application on cotton cellulose biomacromolecule.

A novel flame retardant containing Si, N, and S elements, ((2-(triethoxysilyl)ethyl)thio)ethan-1-amine hydrochloride (TETEA), was synthesized via a click reaction and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Subsequently, the flame-retardant cotton fabric was fabricated by sol-gel method. The results indicated that TETEA was successfully loaded on cotton fabric and formed a uniform protective layer on the surface of cotton fabric, exhibiting excellent flame retardancy.