The Mediating Role of General Self-Efficacy in Health Self-Management and Psychological Stress Among Older Adults in Shanghai: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis.

Background: Given the demographic shift towards an older population, it is crucial to understand the determinants and implications of psychological distress among this demographic group. This study explores the relationship between health self-management and psychological distress in older Chinese adults, focusing on the mediating role of general self-efficacy (GSE).

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in five districts of Shanghai from 1 November to 31 December 2021, employing a random cluster sampling method.

Room-Temperature Magnetic Antiskyrmions in Canted Ferrimagnetic CoHo Alloy Films.

Magnetic antiskyrmions, the anti-quasiparticles of magnetic skyrmions, possess alternating Bloch- and Néel-type spin spirals, rendering them promising for advanced spintronics-based information storage. To date, antiskyrmions are demonstrated in a few bulk materials featuring anisotropic Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions and a limited number of artificial multilayers. Identifying novel film materials capable of hosting isolated antiskyrmions is critical for memory applications in topological spintronics.

Differences of longitudinal plasma biomarkers between single memory domain and multidomain subject cognitive decline: Evidence from SILCODE.

Background: Plasma biomarkers demonstrated potential in identifying amyloid pathology in early Alzheimer's disease. Different subtypes of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may lead to different cognitive impairment conversion risks.

Objective: To investigate the differences of plasma biomarkers in SCD subtypes individuals, which were unclear.

Patient and Healthcare Professional Perspectives on Crohn's Perianal Fistula Treatment: Results From a Discrete Choice Experiment.

Background: Crohn's perianal fistulas (CPF) are difficult to manage and often require multiple interventions. This study aimed to assess the preferences of patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs) for attributes of CPF-related procedures/surgeries to better inform CPF management.

Methods: This US cross-sectional, observational study was conducted via a web-enabled questionnaire (October 2021-January 2022) among patients aged 21-89 years with a self-reported physician diagnosis of CPF (with or without CPF-related surgery experience) and HCPs (gastroenterologists and colorectal surgeons who managed ≥3 patients with CPF in the past 12 months).

Catalysis of a LiF-rich SEI by aromatic structure modified porous polyamine for stable all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid-state polymer electrolyte (SPE) is a promising candidate for the next generation of safer lithium-metal batteries. However, the serious side reaction between PEO and lithium metal and the uneven deposition of lithium ions lead to the growth of lithium dendrites and the rapid decline of battery cycle life. Building a LiF-rich solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer is considered to be an effective means to solve the above problems.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy affected thyroid hormone synthesis via endoplasmic reticulum stress in preterm infant rats.

Background: Maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) was associated with increased risk of congenital hypothyroidism in preterm infants, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective: To investigate the possible mechanisms by which intrauterine exposure to HDP affects thyroid hormone synthesis in preterm infant rats.

Methods: preterm infant rats were obtained by Caesarean section delivery from the L-NAME group and Control groups which was induced by L-NAME and saline, respectively.

, a new species causing sooty spot of kiwifruit in China.

is a large cosmopolitan genus of plant pathogenic fungi that are commonly associated with leaf and fruit spots as well as blights on a wide range of plant hosts. is a member of this genus, causing sooty spot on kiwifruit worldwide. With the expansion of kiwifruit cultivation, the incidence of sooty spot has become severe in Fengxin County, Jiangxi Province, China.

Rapid Determination of Acylcarnitine Metabolic Diseases by Trifluoroacetic Acid-Doped Extraction Coupled with Nanoelectrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

Newborn screening for acylcarnitine-related inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) is a critical test after birth. Conventional extraction methods require shaking with heating, centrifugation, nitrogen blowing, redissolution, etc., and the total time is more than 1 h.

Inhibition of macrophage polarization and pyroptosis in collagen-induced arthritis through MSC-exo and ginsenoside Rh2.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation, tissue damage, and fibrosis, significantly affecting the quality of life. While there are currently some effective treatments available, they often come with side effects. There is an urgent need to find new treatments that can further improve therapeutic outcomes and reduce side effects.

The experiences of organizational silence among nurses: a qualitative meta-synthesis.

Objective: A growing body of research shows that the organizational silence among nurses not only affects their job satisfaction and performance but also exacerbates their intention to leave their jobs, posing a threat to the long-term stability of the nursing team. Therefore, the aim of this study was to synthesize existing qualitative research to explore the real experiences of nurses' organizational silence behavior and gain insight into the motivations and feelings behind it.

Design: A qualitative review.

Evaluation of the cross-immunity between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium abscessus in vitro.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) are important pathogens that can cause lung diseases.

Transcriptome-wide dynamics of mA methylation in ISKNV and Siniperca chuatsi cells infected with ISKNV.

Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is a highly virulent and rapidly transmissible fish virus that poses threats to the aquaculture of a wide variety of freshwater and marine fish. N6-methyladenosine (mA), recognized as a common epigenetic modification of RNA, plays an important regulatory role during viral infection. However, the impact of mA RNA methylation on the pathogenicity of ISKNV remains unexplored.

The anti-melanoma roles and mechanisms of tricholoma isoflavone derivative CA028.

As a form of skin cancer, melanoma's incidence rate is continuing to rise globally. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new agents to improve survival in melanoma patients. Isoflavones, a class of phytoestrogens, are primarily found in soy and other legumes.

Advantages of disposable portable endoscope in removing thalamic hematoma via the superior parietal lobule.

Objectives: Thalamic hematoma patients present with diverse clinical conditions, and treatment approaches vary widely. Currently, the use of disposable portable endoscope surgery has been rapidly adopted in many hospitals, but outcomes can vary significantly. Surgical approaches and techniques for thalamic hematoma often reference those used for basal ganglia hemorrhage, but their effectiveness remains uncertain.

Research on the mechanism of eugenol in the treatment of liver cancer based on network pharmacology, molecular docking technology, and in vitro experiments.

Eugenol, a phenolic natural product with diverse pharmacological activities, remains unexplored in liver cancer. Using network pharmacology, we investigated eugenol's therapeutic mechanisms in liver cancer. We obtained eugenol's molecular structure from PubChem and screened its targets using similarity ensemble approach in Swiss Target Predictiondatabases.

Risk prediction for elderly cognitive impairment by radiomic and morphological quantification analysis based on a cerebral MRA imaging cohort.

Objective: To establish morphological and radiomic models for early prediction of cognitive impairment associated with cerebrovascular disease (CI-CVD) in an elderly cohort based on cerebral magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).

Methods: One-hundred four patients with CI-CVD and 107 control subjects were retrospectively recruited from the 14-year elderly MRA cohort, and 63 subjects were enrolled for external validation. Automated quantitative analysis was applied to analyse the morphological features, including the stenosis score, length, relative length, twisted angle, and maximum deviation of cerebral arteries.

Biomarkers.

Background: Previous studies have found that AD-related plasma markers are associated with Aβ deposition, but the specific effects remain unclear.

Method: Data were obtained from the Longitudinal Study of Cognitive Decline in China (SILCODE). Comprehensive neuropsychological assessments, MRI, plasma samples, and amyloid positron-emission tomography (Aβ-PET) data were collected.

Tröger's base-embedded macrocycles with chirality.

The birth and development of supramolecular chemistry have heralded a new era, where macrocycles have become an irreplaceable research tool. Therefore, the construction of novel macrocycles has become a hot spot. Tröger's base (TB), as a fragment with both rigidity and chirality, promises tremendous potential in the realm of supramolecular chemistry, and its unique properties continue to motivate researchers to explore its inclusion in macrocycles.

Biomarkers.

Background: The clinical role and potential mechanisms of the choroid plexus (ChP) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear.

Method: This prospective cohort study enrolled 607 participants [110 healthy controls (HCs), 269 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 228 AD dementia] from the Chinese Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle study between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2022. Relationship between ChP volume and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathological hallmarks (Aβ, Aβ, Aβ, tTau, and pTau), neuropsychological tests [Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scores], and multimodal neuroimaging measures were analyzed using partial Spearman's correlation.

Developing Topics.

Background: Microglia play a critical role in the pathogenesis and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Selective small-molecule colony-stimulating factor 1 receptors (CSF1R) inhibitor, designed to deplete microglia, could be used to meliorate AD. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells targeting CSF1R in 6-month-old APP/PS1 male mice.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Dysphagia is an important feature of neurodegenerative diseases and potentially life-threatening in primary progressive aphasia (PPA), but remains poorly characterised in these syndromes. We hypothesised that dysphagia would be more prevalent in nonfluent/agrammatic variant (nfv)PPA than other PPA syndromes, predicted by accompanying motor features and associated with atrophy affecting regions implicated in swallowing control.

Methods: In a retrospective case-control study at our tertiary referral centre, we recruited 56 patients with PPA (21 nfvPPA, 22 semantic variant (sv)PPA, 13 logopenic variant (lv)PPA).

A Neural-Network-Based Mapping and Optimization Framework for High-Precision Coarse-Grained Simulation.

The accuracy and efficiency of a coarse-grained (CG) force field are pivotal for high-precision molecular simulations of large systems with complex molecules. We present an automated mapping and optimization framework for molecular simulation (AMOFMS), which is designed to streamline and improve the force field optimization process. It features a neural-network-based mapping function, DSGPM-TP (deep supervised graph partitioning model with type prediction).

Tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen-like 1 promotes the progression of liver fibrosis after HCV eradication with direct-acting antivirals.

Although therapies based on direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) effectively eradicate hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients, there is still a high risk of liver fibrosis even after a sustained virological response. Therefore, it is of great clinical importance to understand the mechanism of potential factors that promote liver fibrosis after virological cure by treatment with DAAs. Here, we found that tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen-like 1 (TINAGL1) is significantly increased in HCV-infected hepatocytes and in the liver of patients with liver fibrosis, and that higher TINAGL1 expression persists in HCV-eradicated hepatocytes after treatment with DAAs.

S6K1 is a Targetable Vulnerability in Tumors Exhibiting Plasticity and Therapy Resistance.

Most tumors initially respond to treatment, yet refractory clones subsequently develop owing to resistance mechanisms associated with cancer cell plasticity and heterogeneity. We used a chemical biology approach to identify protein targets in cancer cells exhibiting diverse driver mutations and representing models of tumor lineage plasticity and therapy resistance. An unbiased screen of a drug library was performed against cancer cells followed by synthesis of chemical analogs of the most effective drug.