SAHIS-Net: a spectral attention and feature enhancement network for microscopic hyperspectral cholangiocarcinoma image segmentation.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) poses a significant clinical challenge due to its aggressive nature and poor prognosis. While traditional diagnosis relies on color-based histopathology, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) offers rich, high-dimensional data holding potential for more accurate diagnosis. However, extracting meaningful insights from this data remains challenging.

Segmentation of hyphae and yeast in fungi-infected tissue slice images and its application in analyzing antifungal blue light therapy.

Candida albicans is a pathogenic fungus that undergoes morphological transitions between hyphal and yeast forms, adapting to diverse environmental stimuli and exhibiting distinct virulence. Existing research works on antifungal blue light (ABL) therapy have either focused solely on hyphae or neglected to differentiate between morphologies, obscuring potential differential effects. To address this gap, we established a novel dataset of 150 C.

The role of DRP1 mediated mitophagy in HT22 cells apoptosis induced by silica nanoparticles.

Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are widely used in the biomedical field and can enter the central nervous system through the blood-brain barrier, causing damage to hippocampal neurons. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear. In this experiment, HT22 cells were selected as the experimental model in vitro, and the survival rate of cells under the action of SiNPs was detected by MTT method, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were tested by the kit, the ultrastructure of the cells was observed by transmission electron microscope, membrane potential (MMP), calcium ion (Ca) and apoptosis rate were measured by flow cytometry, and the expressions of mitochondrial functional protein, mitochondrial dynein, mitochondrial autophagy protein as well as apoptosis related protein were detected by Western blot.

MAEF-Net: MLP Attention for Feature Enhancement in U-Net based Medical Image Segmentation Networks.

Medical image segmentation plays an important role in diagnosis. Since the introduction of U-Net, numerous advancements have been implemented to enhance its performance and expand its applicability. The advent of Transformers in computer vision has led to the integration of self-attention mechanisms into U-Net, resulting in significant breakthroughs.

Suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal-transition blue light therapy for reducing macrophage-mediated cancerous pulmonary fibrosis: An in-vitro study.

Lung cancer is the leading killer among all types of cancer globally. As a key factor, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in pathological fibrosis and lung cancer metastasis. This study endeavors to investigate the effect of blue light at specific wavelengths of 405 nm and 415 nm (54 J/cm ) on EMT induced by TGF-β1 in A549 cells.

Effect of inactivating RNA viruses by coupled UVC and UVA LEDs evaluated by a viral surrogate commonly used as a genetic vector.

RNA viruses are ubiquitous in nature, many of which can cause severe infectious syndromes to humanity, e.g., the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Analysis and Data-Based Modeling of the Photochemical Reaction Dynamics of the Induced Singlet Oxygen in Light Therapies.

Objective: The macroscopic singlet oxygen (MSO) model for quantifying the light-induced singlet oxygen ( O) always contain a set of nonlinear dynamic equations and therefore are generally difficult to be applied. This work was devoted to analyze and simplify this dynamic model.

Methods: Firstly, the nonlinearity of the MSO model was analyzed with control theory.

Analyzing Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Fungal Blue Light Therapy via Kernel-Based Modeling the Reactive Oxygen Species Induced by Light.

Objective: The goal of this study is to investigate the efficacy, safety, and mechanism of ABL for inactivating Candida albicans (C. albicans), and to determine the best wavelength for treating candida infected disease, by experimental measurements and dynamic modeling.

Methods: The changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C.

Robust Data-Driven Iterative Learning Control for Linear-Time-Invariant and Hammerstein-Wiener Systems.

Iterative learning control (ILC) relies on a finite-time interval output predictor to determine the output trajectory in each trial. Robust ILCs intend to model the uncertainties in the predictor and to guarantee the convergence of the learning process subject to such model errors. Despite the vast literature in ILCs, parameterizing the uncertainties with the stochastic errors in the predictor parameters identified from system I/O data and thus robustifying the ILC have not yet been targeted.

Evaluating the efficacy of anti-fungal blue light therapies via analyzing tissue section images.

Anti-fungal blue light (ABL) therapies have been studied and applied in treating various diseases caused by fungal infection. The existing work has been mainly devoted to study the effect of various light dosages on the fungal viability and on the induced cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogens. While in vivo experimental studies have also been reported, there is still no work targeted on quantifying the effect of light on prohibiting the pathogens from invading into the deeper sites in the skin of their host.

Effect of the Inclination Angle on Premixed Flame Dynamics in Half-Open Ducts.

The propagation of premix methane/air flames in long half-open ducts with different inclination angles θ between the sidewall and the horizon was numerically investigated using the laminar model. The numerical result was compared with the experimental and theoretical ones to validate the numerical model. The results show that the numerical results are in good agreement with them.

Optical Waveguides and Integrated Optical Devices for Medical Diagnosis, Health Monitoring and Light Therapies.

Optical waveguides and integrated optical devices are promising solutions for many applications, such as medical diagnosis, health monitoring and light therapies. Despite the many existing reviews focusing on the materials that these devices are made from, a systematic review that relates these devices to the various materials, fabrication processes, sensing methods and medical applications is still seldom seen. This work is intended to link these multidisciplinary fields, and to provide a comprehensive review of the recent advances of these devices.

Blue light therapy to treat candida vaginitis with comparisons of three wavelengths: an in vitro study.

Anti-fungal blue light (ABL) therapies have been widely studied to treat various microbial infections in the literature. The blue light with wavelengths ranging from 400 to 470 nm has been reported to be effective to inhibit various kinds of bacteria and fungi. The existing studies usually report the viability rates of the pathogens under the irradiation of the blue light with different dosage parameters.

Active and Adequate Exposure of the Facial Nerve and Chorda Tympani Nerve to Improve the Safety of Cochlear Implantation.

Background: The posterior tympanum approach of cochlear implantation is easy to damage the facial nerve and cord tympanic nerve. Therefore, we need to improve the safety of cochlear implantation.

Objectives: To discuss the safety and feasibility of active and adequate transparent exposure of the facial nerve and chorda tympani nerve during the surgery.

Consistency of Proximal-to-Distal Tapering of Descending Thoracic Aortic Diameter: Quantification Using a Novel Computer Tomography-based Assessment.

Background: Successful endovascular repair of thoracic aorta for type B aortic dissection requires correct stent-graft sizing, particularly of distal landing zone which is mainly based on operator experience. The present study aimed to quantitatively define proximal-to-distal tapering of descending thoracic aortic diameter and its consistency.

Methods: The novel parameter HDP (Hundred times Distance accounts for Percentage)-measured as distance from the distal end of the left subclavian artery to each level along the aortic central line/length from the distal end of the left subclavian artery to the proximal end of the celiac artery along the aortic central line × 100-was calculated per 1% unit of descending thoracic aorta based on 3-mensio software-derived measurements from 281 consecutive individuals who had undergone enhanced chest computer tomography scanning.

Optical design of a compact multispectral LED light source with high irradiance and uniformity.

As light-emitting diodes (LEDs) become dominating solutions in general lighting, their applications are also penetrating into biomedical engineering, especially light therapies. These new applications usually require much higher light power density at a shorter working distance than general lighting. Besides the high power, uniformity in power distribution is another important factor in such applications to illuminate samples with equal irradiance.

Applications of Light Emitting Diodes in Health Care.

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) have become the main light sources for general lighting, due to their high lumen efficiency and long life time. Moreover, their high bandwidth and the availability of diverse wavelength contents ranging from ultraviolet to infrared empower them with great controllability in tuning brightness, pulse durations and spectra. These parameters are the essential ingredients of the applications in medical imaging and therapies.

Increasing color saturation by optimizing light spectra constrained on color rendering properties.

Enhancing the color saturation of objects via illumination with specially designed light spectra is promising in many commercial and scientific applications. Existing literature has focused on studying the colors that can be rendered by white light with various correlated color temperatures, and by the mixed light from various monochromatic light-emitting diodes. However, very little literature has been devoted to methods that can actively configure the light spectrum to enhance the color saturation of an arbitrary object.

Optimization of LED light spectrum to enhance colorfulness of illuminated objects with white light constraints.

Enhancing the colorfulness of illuminated objects is a promising application of LED lighting for commercial, exhibiting, and scientific purposes. This paper proposes a method to enhance the color of illuminated objects for a given polychromatic lamp. Meanwhile, the light color is restricted to white.

Efficient distributed control of light-emitting diode array lighting systems.

We consider illumination rendering with distributed control of a lighting system with an array of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). As low-cost microprocessors become standard components in LED drivers, distributing the computation of the control signals to individual LED drivers becomes attractive. Common distributed control algorithms require each individual controller to exchange information with all the others and process it.

Automatic diagnosis and control of distributed solid state lighting systems.

This paper describes a new design concept of automatically diagnosing and compensating LED degradations in distributed solid state lighting (SSL) systems. A failed LED may significantly reduce the overall illumination level, and destroy the uniform illumination distribution achieved by a nominal system. To our knowledge, an automatic scheme to compensate LED degradations has not yet been seen in the literature, which requires a diagnostic step followed by control reconfigurations.