A review of wrist mechanism design and the application in gastrointestinal minimally invasive surgery of multi-degree-of-freedom surgical laparoscopic instruments.

Background: This paper aims to comprehensively review current designs of Multi-degree-of-freedom (Multi-DOF) wrist mechanisms and the applications of Multi-DOF surgical instruments in gastrointestinal minimally invasive surgery (MIS).

Methods: By reviewing the advantages and limitations of traditional laparoscopic and robotic surgical instruments, we present the development of Multi-DOF surgical instruments. Then, we summarize the Multi-DOF wrist mechanisms, delineating their pros and cons.

Study on cutting force of reaming porcine bone and substitute bone.

Accurate mechanical feedback systems are critical to the successful implementation of virtual and robotic surgical assistant systems. Experimental measurements of reaming force could further our understanding of the cancellous bone reaming process during hip arthroplasty to help develop surgical simulators with realistic force effects and improve the protection mechanism of robot-assisted surgical systems. In this study, reaming experiments with natural bone (porcine femur) and a bone substitute (polyurethane blocks) were performed on a CNC lathe.

Enhancing Staphylococcus aureus sterilization of stainless steel by the synergistic effect of surface structure and physical washing.

Staphylococcus aureus infection is common in the clinical environment. It has been shown that the presence of micro/nano structures on material surfaces promote bacterial adhesion resistance. Herein, we assessed the S.

Experimental study of temperature rise during bone drilling process.

An excessive temperature rise during bone drilling processes can result in osteonecrosis or impairment of the osteogenic potential. However, the effect of geometric parameters of the surgical drill bit, drilling process parameters, and the bone type on the temperature rise have not been fully investigated. In this study, thermocouples are introduced to measure the temperature rise, and three experimental designs are utilized separately to investigate the temperature rise with respect to each parameter, identify the effect of important drill geometric parameters and their interaction on the temperature rise, and develop a quadratic model of the temperature rise with respect to process parameters.

Experimental Study of Thrust Force and Torque for Drilling Cortical Bone.

Excessive drilling forces can result in drill breakage, bone breakthrough, and thermal necrosis during bone drilling process. However, the effect of drilling process parameters, drill geometry parameters, and bone material type on drilling forces have not been fully investigated. Three designs of experiments are introduced separately to study single factor's effect on drilling forces, identify significant geometry parameters and possible interactions for drilling forces, and formulate direct relationship between drilling forces and process parameters.