Global, regional, and national burden inequality of chronic kidney disease, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global health issue, often linked to diabetes, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. However, aggregated statistics can obscure heterogeneity across subtypes, age, gender, and regions. This study aimed to analyze global CKD trends from 1990 to 2021, focusing on age, gender, socio-demographic index (SDI), and regional variations.

Photocatalytic Methanol Dehydrogenation with Switchable Selectivity.

Switchable selectivity achieved by altering reaction conditions within the same photocatalytic system offers great advantages for sustainable chemical transformations and renewable energy conversion. In this study, we investigate an efficient photocatalytic methanol dehydrogenation with controlled selectivity by varying the concentration of nickel cocatalyst, using zinc indium sulfide nanocrystals as a semiconductor photocatalyst, which enables the production of either formaldehyde or ethylene glycol with high selectivity. Control experiments revealed that formaldehyde is initially generated and can either serve as a terminal product or intermediate in producing ethylene glycol, depending on the nickel concentration in the solution.

Using Dynamic CT to Explore the Effect of Disease Course on Arytenoid Dislocation.

Objective: Using dynamic computed tomography (CT) to explore the structural characteristics of the larynx in patients with arytenoid dislocation and compare the impact of the dislocation course on the structural changes of the larynx.

Methods: Twenty-three patients with arytenoid dislocation and 10 healthy subjects were selected as the dislocation group and the normal group, respectively. The 23 patients with arytenoid dislocation were divided into groups with dislocation duration less than 3 months (group A) and dislocation duration more than 3 months (group B).

[Analysis of therapeutic effect of fibrocystic degeneration of vocal folds].

To explore the differences in clinical presentation and therapeutic outcomes between vocal fold fibrocystic degeneration and other common benign lesions, such as vocal fold polyp and cyst. Vocal function was assessed before and after surgery in 10 cases of vocal fold fibrocystoids, 30 cases of vocal fold polyps and 10 cases of vocal fold cysts at Department of Voice Medicine, Xiamen University Zhongshan Hospital. The voice Assessments included GRBAS（G-scale）, VHI-10 scale, Reflux Symptom Index（RSI） scale, stroboscope, acoustic objective analysis, and aerodynamics measurements.

Dynamic Evolution of Copper Nanowires during CO Reduction Probed by Electrochemical 4D-STEM and X-ray Spectroscopy.

Nanowires have emerged as an important family of one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials owing to their exceptional optical, electrical, and chemical properties. In particular, Cu nanowires (NWs) show promising applications in catalyzing the challenging electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR) to valuable chemical fuels. Despite early reports showing morphological changes of Cu NWs after CORR processes, their structural evolution and the resulting exact nature of active Cu sites remain largely elusive, which calls for the development of multimodal time-resolved nm-scale methods.

Complete miscibility of immiscible elements at the nanometre scale.

Understanding the mixing behaviour of elements in a multielement material is important to control its structure and property. When the size of a multielement material is decreased to the nanoscale, the miscibility of elements in the nanomaterial often changes from its bulk counterpart. However, there is a lack of comprehensive and quantitative experimental insight into this process.

Supramolecular Metal Halide Complexes for High-Temperature Nonlinear Optical Switches.

Nonlinear optical (NLO) switching materials, which exhibit reversible intensity modulation in response to thermal stimuli, have found extensive applications across diverse fields including sensing, photoelectronics, and photonic applications. While significant progress has been made in solid-state NLO switching materials, these materials typically showcase their highest NLO performance near room temperature. However, this performance drastically deteriorates upon heating, primarily due to the phase transition undergone by the materials from noncentrosymmetric to centrosymmetric phase.

Supramolecular assembly of blue and green halide perovskites with near-unity photoluminescence.

The metal-halide ionic octahedron is the optoelectronic unit for halide perovskites, and a crown ether-assisted supramolecular assembly approach can pack various ionic octahedra into tunable symmetries. In this work, we demonstrate near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) blue and green emission with the supramolecular assembly of hafnium (Hf) and zirconium (Zr) halide octahedral clusters. (18C6@K)HfBr powders showed blue emission with a near-unity PLQY (96.

Ambient air pollution and the dynamic transitions of stroke and dementia: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Stroke and dementia are the leading causes of neurological disease burden. Detrimental effects of air pollution on both conditions are increasingly recognised, while the impacts on the dynamic transitions have not yet been explored, and whether critical time intervals exist is unknown.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted based on the UK Biobank.

Long-term ambient ozone, omega-3 fatty acid, genetic susceptibility, and risk of mental disorders among middle-aged and older adults in UK biobank.

Background: Evidence linking ozone to depression and anxiety disorders remains sparse and results are heterogeneous. It remains unknown whether omega-3 fatty acid, or genetic susceptibility of mental disorders modify the impacts of ozone. The aim is to assess the associations of ambient ozone with depression and anxiety, and further explore the potential modification effects of omega-3 fatty acid and genetic susceptibility.

Energy Funneling in a Noninteger Two-Dimensional Perovskite.

Energy funneling is a phenomenon that has been exploited in optoelectronic devices based on low-dimensional materials to improve their performance. Here, we introduce a new class of two-dimensional semiconductor, characterized by multiple regions of varying thickness in a single confined nanostructure with homogeneous composition. This "noninteger 2D semiconductor" was prepared via the structural transformation of two-octahedron-layer-thick ( = 2) 2D cesium lead bromide perovskite nanosheets; it consisted of a central = 2 region surrounded by edge-lying = 3 regions, as imaged by electron microscopy.

Role of residential greenspace in the trajectory of major neurological disorders: A longitudinal study in UK Biobank.

Background: Stroke and dementia are major neurological disorders that contribute significantly to disease burden and are interlinked in terms of risk. Nevertheless, there is currently no study investigating the influence of residential greenspace on the trajectory of these neurological disorders.

Methods: This longitudinal study utilized data from the UK Biobank.

High-entropy halide perovskite single crystals stabilized by mild chemistry.

Although high-entropy materials are excellent candidates for a range of functional materials, their formation traditionally requires high-temperature synthetic procedures of over 1,000 °C and complex processing techniques such as hot rolling. One route to address the extreme synthetic requirements for high-entropy materials should involve the design of crystal structures with ionic bonding networks and low cohesive energies. Here we develop room-temperature-solution (20 °C) and low-temperature-solution (80 °C) synthesis procedures for a new class of metal halide perovskite high-entropy semiconductor (HES) single crystals.

Artificial light at night, MRI-based measures of brain iron deposition and incidence of multiple mental disorders.

Background: Epidemiologic evidence on whether iron accumulation in brain modified the association between artificial light at night (ALAN) and incident mental disorders is lacking. The authors aims to investigate modification of brain iron deposition on the associations of ALAN with multiple mental disorders in the middle-aged and older adults.

Methods: This prospective study used data from the UK Biobank.

Broadband Achromatic Quarter-Waveplate Using 2D Hybrid Copper Halide Single Crystals.

Achromatic quarter waveplates (A-QWPs), traditionally constructed from multiple birefringent crystals, can modulate light polarization and retardation across a broad range of wavelengths. This mechanism is inherently related to phase retardation controlled by the fast and slow axis of stacked multi-birefringent crystals. However, the conventional design of A-QWPs requires the incorporation of multiple birefringent crystals, which complicates the manufacturing process and raises costs.

Dynamic CT Study on the Morphology and the Motor Ability of Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis.

Objective: To investigate the morphological changes and motor functions of the larynx in unilateral vocal fold paralysis by using dynamic three-dimensional CT, and to explore the differences between vocal fold paralysis with different nerves involved.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis and 10 healthy subjects were selected as the paralytic group and the normal group, respectively. Ten dynamic sequence images of laryngeal movement from inhalation to phonation were reviewed, and the glottic morphology at the coronal position, the minimum glottic area at the horizontal position, and the overall activity of the two groups were compared.

Modification of green space on the associations between long-term road traffic noise exposure and incident intracerebral hemorrhage: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke that would cause high mortality and disability. Environmental factors may play an important role in the incident risk of ICH. Evidence on how long-term road traffic noise exposure affects incident ICH is still scarce, and whether green space has a modification effect is unknown.

Mediation of metabolic syndrome in the association between long-term co-exposure to road traffic noise, air pollution and incident type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: Recent studies have linked exposure to road traffic noise or air pollution with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), but investigation on their co-exposure was limited and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that long-term co-exposure to road traffic noise and air pollution increases the risk of incident T2D via the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods: This prospective study included 390,834 participants in UK Biobank.

Chemical and Structural Evolution of AgCu Catalysts in Electrochemical CO Reduction.

Silver-copper (AgCu) bimetallic catalysts hold great potential for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CORR), which is a promising way to realize the goal of carbon neutrality. Although a wide variety of AgCu catalysts have been developed so far, it is relatively less explored how these AgCu catalysts evolve during CORR. The absence of insights into their stability makes the dynamic catalytic sites elusive and hampers the design of AgCu catalysts in a rational manner.

Long-Term Apparent Temperature, Extreme Temperature Exposure, and Depressive Symptoms: A Longitudinal Study in China.

Temperature is increasingly understood to impact mental health. However, evidence of the long-term effect of temperature exposure on the risk of depressive symptoms is still scarce. Based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this study estimated associations between long-term apparent temperature, extreme temperature, and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults.

Direct Observation of Transient Structural Dynamics of Atomically Thin Halide Perovskite Nanowires.

Halide perovskite is a unique dynamical system, whose structural and chemical processes happening across different timescales have significant impact on its physical properties and device-level performance. However, due to its intrinsic instability, real-time investigation of the structure dynamics of halide perovskite is challenging, which hinders the systematic understanding of the chemical processes in the synthesis, phase transition, and degradation of halide perovskite. Here, we show that atomically thin carbon materials can stabilize ultrathin halide perovskite nanostructures against otherwise detrimental conditions.

Operando studies reveal active Cu nanograins for CO electroreduction.

Carbon dioxide electroreduction facilitates the sustainable synthesis of fuels and chemicals. Although Cu enables CO-to-multicarbon product (C) conversion, the nature of the active sites under operating conditions remains elusive. Importantly, identifying active sites of high-performance Cu nanocatalysts necessitates nanoscale, time-resolved operando techniques.