Electrochromic glass has been widely employed in buildings, due to its favorable thermal performance, optical properties and adjustability, and more attention was paid to its final states of bleached and tinted on the building thermal performance. However, because of the contradiction between visual and thermal environment, there must be their suitable balance, which the certain state between bleached and tinted, not the final states. To find this certain state and thereby, improve the application efficacy of electrochromic glass, a detail and transient spectral analysis must be done during the whole coloring and fading processes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs) caused by negative energy balance render the cow more prone to inflammatory diseases in part due to an imbalance in the types of immune cells and their specific functions. We previously demonstrated that ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 (ORAI1) was associated with increased CD4 Th17 content, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of FFAs on CD4 T cell inflammatory response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutritional and metabolic state in dairy cows are important determinants of the immune response. During the periparturient period, a state of negative energy balance in the cow increases plasma concentrations of fatty acids (FA), which are associated with inflammation. Among immune cells, CD4 T are able to function under high-FA conditions, but the underlying mechanisms regulating these events remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncreased concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs) induce reactive oxygen species (ROSs) generation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, thus, increasing the risk of fatty liver in dairy cows during the periparturient period. In non-ruminants, Taraxasterol (Tara; a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in medicinal plants) plays an important role in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant reactions. Whether Tara can alleviate or prevent fatty liver in ruminants is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHypocalcemia is closely associated with inflammatory diseases in dairy cows. Recent research has underscored the key role of calcium in the adaptations of the innate immune system during this period. The main objective in the present study was to compare the transcriptome profiles and analyze differences in the expression of neutrophil (PMNL) immune function-related genes and calcium binding-related genes in hypocalcemic cows.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe nutritional status of dairy cows and the metabolism of specific nutrients are critical regulators of immune cell function. Around the time of parturition, mobilization of body lipid and muscle helps compensate for the decrease in nutrient intake and the increased requirements of the mammary gland for lactation. An end-result of these processes is the marked increase in circulating concentrations of fatty acids (FA), which are a major risk factor for immune dysfunction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHypocalcemia in dairy cows is associated with decreased neutrophil phagocytosis, adhesion capacity, migration, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through alterations in ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 (ORAI1). Neutrophils can resist the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). However, the mechanisms controlling NET formation during hypocalcemia are unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFatty liver is a common metabolic disorder afflicting dairy cows during the periparturient period and is closely associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The onset of ER stress in humans and mice alters hepatic lipid metabolism, but it is unknown if such event contributes to fatty liver in dairy cows soon after parturition. ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 (ORAI1) is a key component of the store-operated Ca2+ entry mechanism regulating cellular Ca2+ balance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF3D magnetic porous carbon (MPCK) was prepared using the metal-organic framework (MOF) MIL-100(Fe) as the carbon precursor by carbonisation and KOH activation strategies. Carbonisation and activation ensured that MPCK possessed excellent structural and thermal stability, strong magnetic responsiveness and high surface area. MPCK was used as an adsorbent for the magnetic solid-phase extraction of clenbuterol and ractopamine from mutton samples.
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