Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Older Asian, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islanders Lung Cancer Survivors.

Background: There may be heterogeneity in lung cancer-related outcomes for individuals who are Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islanders (ANHPI).

Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate possible disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk between ANHPI and Non-Hispanic White (NHW) lung cancer survivors and evaluate potential CVD risk factors.

Methods: A total of 3920 ANHPI and 11,760 NHW lung cancer patients aged 66 years and older were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare registry from 1999 to 2017.

Genetically Determined Circulating Lactase/Phlorizin Hydrolase Concentrations and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

Previous research has found that milk is associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it is unclear whether the milk digestion by the enzyme lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) plays a role in CRC susceptibility. Our study aims to investigate the direct causal relationship of CRC risk with LPH levels by applying a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) strategy.

American Society of Cytopathology Telecytology validation recommendations for rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE).

Telecytology has multiple applications, including rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE) of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens. It can enhance cytopathology practice by increasing productivity, reducing costs, and providing subspecialty expertise in areas with limited access to a cytopathologist. However, there are currently no specific validation guidelines to ensure safe practice and compliance with regulations.

Association between ambient exposure to PM and upper aerodigestive tract cancer in Los Angeles.

Fine particulate matter (PM ) contains carcinogens similar to those generated by tobacco smoking, which may increase the risks of developing smoking-related cancers, such as upper aerodigestive track (UADT) cancers, for both smokers and never-smokers. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the relation between ambient PM exposure and risk of UADT cancers. A population-based case-control study involving 565 incident UADT cancer cases and 983 controls was conducted in Los Angeles County from 1999 to 2004.

Pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in ovarian cancer and its association with outcome: A surrogate marker of survival.

Objective: We aimed to validate whether pathologic response (pR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) using a three-tier chemotherapy response score (CRS) is associated with clinical outcome in ovarian cancer (OC) and could be used as surrogate marker for survival.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of OC patients with FIGO stage III/IV disease who received NACT and graded response as no or minimal (CRS 1), partial (CRS 2), or complete/near-complete (CRS 3) pR using tissue specimens obtained from omentum. Uni- and multivariate survival analyses were performed accounting for age, FIGO stage, debulking and BRCA status as well as neoadjuvant use of bevacizumab.

Opium, phencyclidine, and crack cocaine smoking associations with lung and upper aerodigestive tract cancers: exploratory findings from a case-control study in Los Angeles County.

Illicit drug use has become a global epidemic, yet it is unclear if drug smoking increases the risk of tobacco-related cancers. We aimed to evaluate hypothesized associations between smoking three drugs - opium, phencyclidine (PCP) and crack cocaine and lung and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers. A population-based case-control study with 611 lung cancer cases (50% male), 601 UADT cancers cases (76% male), and 1,040 controls (60% male) was conducted in Los Angeles County (1999-2004).

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Morphology-Based Enrichment of Malignant Cells from Body Fluid.

Cell morphology is a fundamental feature used to evaluate patient specimens in pathologic analysis. However, traditional cytopathology analysis of patient effusion samples is limited by low tumor cell abundance coupled with the high background of nonmalignant cells, restricting the ability of downstream molecular and functional analyses to identify actionable therapeutic targets. We applied the Deepcell platform that combines microfluidic sorting, brightfield imaging, and real-time deep learning interpretations based on multidimensional morphology to enrich carcinoma cells from malignant effusions without cell staining or labels.

"SMART" cytology: The next generation cytology for precision diagnosis.

Cytology plays an important role in diagnosing and managing human diseases, especially cancer, as it is often a simple, low cost yet effective, and non-invasive or minimally invasive diagnostic tool. However, traditional morphology-based cytology practice has limitations, especially in the era of precision diagnosis. Recently there have been tremendous efforts devoted to apply computational tools and to perform molecular analysis on cytological samples for a variety of clinical purposes.

Familial Duodenal Somatostatinomatosis Not Associated With a Known Genetic Syndrome.

We report a father and his daughter who both had multiple somatostatinomas in the duodenal bulb without a known syndrome. The father, at age 68 years, was incidentally found to harbor 4 approximately 1.5-cm well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors in the duodenal bulb.

Androgen Drives the Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Proteins in Sinonasal Tissue.

Background And Objectives: Men have higher morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 than women, possibly due to androgen receptor-regulated viral entry protein expression. This led to a clinical trial of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which has not shown a significant benefit in the outcomes among hospitalized male COVID-19 patients. The aim of this study was to explore biological explanations for the failure of ADT to mitigate clinical outcomes in men with severe COVID-19 by assessing the role of androgen in regulating viral entry protein expression in the upper and lower respiratory tract.

Retrospective analysis of adjuvant treatment for localized, operable uterine leiomyosarcoma.

Objective: Currently, there is no standard adjuvant treatment protocol for localized uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) as clinical trials to address this question have been retrospective, underpowered, or undermined by slow accrual rates. The aim of this study is to determine the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for uLMS.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of localized uLMS patients who had underwent adjuvant therapy after upfront surgery between 2000 and 2020.

Cancer cell mechanobiology: a new frontier for cancer research.

The study of physical and mechanical features of cancer cells, or cancer cell mechanobiology, is a new frontier in cancer research. Such studies may enhance our understanding of the disease process, especially mechanisms associated with cancer cell invasion and metastasis, and may help the effort of developing diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic drug targets. Cancer cell mechanobiological changes are associated with the complex interplay of activation/inactivation of multiple signaling pathways, which can occur at both the genetic and epigenetic levels, and the interactions with the cancer microenvironment.

Cytokeratin 13 Is a New Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of cytokeratin (K) 13 on the corneal surface and to validate its application in the diagnosis of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD).

Methods: This prospective comparative study included 26 corneal impression cytology (IC) specimens from patients diagnosed with LSCD. Twenty-three IC specimens from normal donors served as controls.

Interactions Between Adiponectin-Pathway Polymorphisms and Obesity on Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk Among African American Women: The WHI SHARe Study.

Background: A decreased level of serum adiponectin is associated with obesity and an increased risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women. Yet, the interplay between genetic variants associated with adiponectin phenotype, obesity, and breast cancer risk is unclear in African American (AA) women.

Methods: We examined 32 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously identified in genome-wide association and replication studies of serum adiponectin levels using data from 7,991 AA postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative SNP Health Association Resource.

Long-Term Exposure to PM, Facemask Mandates, Stay Home Orders and COVID-19 Incidence in the United States.

Long-term PM exposure might predispose populations to SARS-CoV-2 infection and intervention policies might interrupt SARS-CoV-2 transmission and reduce the risk of COVID-19. We conducted an ecologic study across the United States, using county-level COVID-19 incidence up to 12 September 2020, to represent the first two surges in the U.S.

A Preliminary Study of Deep-Learning Algorithm for Analyzing Multiplex Immunofluorescence Biomarkers in Body Fluid Cytology Specimens.

Introduction: Multiplex biomarker analysis of cytological body fluid specimens is often used to assist cytologists in distiguishing metastatic cancer cells from reactive mesothelial cells. However, evaluating biomarker expression visually may be challenging, especially when the cells of interest are scant. Deep-learning algorithms (DLAs) may be able to assist cytologists in analyzing multiple biomarker expression at the single cell level in the multiplex fluorescence imaging (MFI) setting.

Atypical de Quervain's thyroiditis diagnosed as atypia of undetermined significance by cytology and suspicious for cancer by Afirma Genomic Sequencing Classifier.

We report a case of atypical de Quervain's thyroiditis diagnosed as atypia of undetermined significance by cytology and suspicious for cancer by Afirma Genomic Sequencing Classifier. A 71-year-old male underwent thyroid ultrasound for goiter and was found to have two American Thyroid Association (ATA) 2015 high-suspicion nodules. The larger, 2.