Changing patterns of global nitrogen deposition driven by socio-economic development.

Advances in manufacturing and trade have reshaped global nitrogen deposition patterns, yet their dynamics and drivers remain unclear. Here, we compile a comprehensive global nitrogen deposition database spanning 1977-2021, aggregating 52,671 site-years of data from observation networks and published articles. This database show that global nitrogen deposition to land is 92.

Patterns and drivers of atmospheric nitrogen deposition retention in global forests.

Forests are the largest carbon sink in terrestrial ecosystems, and the impact of nitrogen (N) deposition on this carbon sink depends on the fate of external N inputs. However, the patterns and driving factors of N retention in different forest compartments remain elusive. In this study, we synthesized 408 observations from global forest N tracer experiments to reveal the variation and underlying mechanisms of N retention in plants and soils.

Using a new human milk fortifier to optimize human milk feeding among very preterm and/or very low birth weight infants: a multicenter study in China.

Background: Human milk fortifier (HMF) composition has been optimized recently. But clinical evidence of its safety and efficacy is limited in Chinese population. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of a new HMF in growth, nutritional status, feeding intolerance, and major morbidities among very preterm (VPT) or very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in China.

Multi-elemental stoichiometric ratios of atmospheric wet deposition in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems.

Intense human activities have significantly altered the concentrations of atmospheric components that enter ecosystems through wet and dry deposition, thereby affecting elemental cycles. However, atmospheric wet deposition multi-elemental stoichiometric ratios are poorly understood, hindering systematic exploration of atmospheric deposition effects on ecosystems. Monthly precipitation concentrations of six elements-nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg)-were measured from 2013 to 2021 by the China Wet Deposition Observation Network (ChinaWD).

Atmospheric wet organic nitrogen deposition in China: Insights from the national observation network.

Organic nitrogen (N) is an important component of atmospheric reactive N deposition, and its bioavailability is almost as important as that of inorganic N. Currently, there are limited reports of national observations of organic N deposition; most stations are concentrated in rural and urban areas, with even fewer long-term observations of natural ecosystems in remote areas. Based on the China Wet Deposition Observation Network, this study regularly collected monthly wet deposition samples from 43 typical ecosystems from 2013 to 2021 and measured related N concentrations.

High environmental costs behind rapid economic development: Evidence from economic loss caused by atmospheric acid deposition.

The rapid growth of energy-intensive and high-emission industries has propelled China's economy but has also led to massive levels of air pollutant emissions and ecological problems, such as acid deposition. Despite recent declines, atmospheric acid deposition in China is still severe. Long-term exposure to high levels of acid depositions has a substantial negative impact on the ecosystem.

Atmospheric Wet Iron, Molybdenum, and Vanadium Deposition in Chinese Terrestrial Ecosystems.

Iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), and vanadium (V) are the main components of the three known biological nitrogenases, which constrain nitrogen fixation and affect ecosystem productivity. Atmospheric deposition is an important pathway of these trace metals into ecosystems. Here, we explored the deposition flux, spatiotemporal pattern, and influencing factors of atmospheric wet Fe, Mo, and V deposition based on China Wet Deposition Observation Network (ChinaWD) data from 2016 to 2020.

Atmospheric silicon wet deposition and its influencing factors in China.

Silicon (Si) is considered a "quasi-essential" nutrient element for plants and is also an essential nutrient for some phytoplankton. Except for the silicate provided by weathering, atmospheric deposition has gradually become an important supplementary method for Si nutrients to enter the ecosystem. However, national observational studies on atmospheric silicon deposition have not yet been reported.

Effect of atmospheric nitrogen deposition and its components on carbon flux in terrestrial ecosystems in China.

Long-term atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition increases bioavailable N in terrestrial ecosystems, thereby influencing ecosystem productivity. However, how N deposition and its components (i.e.

C:N:P stoichiometry in terrestrial ecosystems in China.

Ecological stoichiometry is an efficient tool for exploring the balance and cycling of coupled elements (e.g., carbon [C], nitrogen [N], and phosphorus [P]).

Higher soil acidification risk in southeastern Tibetan Plateau.

Stable soil pH is a key property in maintaining an ecosystem's structure, function, and sustainability. Increasing atmospheric deposition and grassland use on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) may increase the soil acidification risk, but we lack such information to date. Here, we evaluated the soil acidification risk in the TP, by comparing it with that in the Mongolia Plateau (MP) and applying the acid-base balance principles on atmospheric inputs, soils, and plants from 1980 to 2019.

Spatiotemporal variability, source apportionment, and acid-neutralizing capacity of atmospheric wet base-cation deposition in China.

Atmospheric wet deposition of base cations (BCs) plays a significant role in providing plant nutrients and buffering acidification. However, the temporal dynamic of wet BC deposition in China during the past two decades remain unclear. Here, we used long-term monitoring and literature data since 2000 to assess the temporal dynamics (seasonal and inter-annual variation), spatial patterns, main influencing factors, source apportionment, and capacity to neutralize the acidity of wet BC depositions at site, regional, and national scales.

Potential transition in the effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in China.

Nitrogen (N) deposition in China may increase due to urbanization and economic growth. Current research has considered the ecological significance under the assumption of increasing N deposition. Atmospheric N deposition tending toward levelling or declining has been observed in China.

N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide as a Biomarker of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia or Death in Preterm Infants: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

To investigate the association between serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level on the first day of life and a composite outcome of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death in a cohort of infants born before 32 weeks of gestation. We retrospectively identified infants born before 32 weeks of gestation who had serum NT-proBNP levels measured when they were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit shortly after birth. The outcome of BPD or death was assessed at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age.

Monthly dynamics of atmospheric wet nitrogen deposition on different spatial scales in China.

China is one of three global hotspots for nitrogen (N) deposition, which has concerned scientists and the public. While previous studies on N deposition in China have focused on its composition, spatial pattern, and interannual dynamics, its monthly dynamics in different regions remain unclear, hindering our ability to evaluate its ecological effects. Therefore, we obtained monthly wet N deposition data from196 sites after continuous network observations and published data in China and analyzed the monthly dynamics of NH-N, NO-N, and dissolved inorganic N (DIN=NH-N+NO-N) deposition fluxes on site, regional, and national scales.

Development of atmospheric acid deposition in China from the 1990s to the 2010s.

Atmospheric acid deposition is a global environmental issue. China has been experiencing serious acid deposition, which is anticipated to become more severe with the country's economic development and increasing consumption of fossil fuels in recent decades. We explored the spatiotemporal variations of acid deposition (wet acid deposition) and its influencing factors by collecting nationwide data on pH and concentrations of sulfate (SO) and nitrate (NO) in precipitation between 1980 and 2014 in China.

Asynchronous pulse responses of soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization to rewetting events at a short-term: Regulation by microbes.

Rewetting after precipitation events plays an important role in regulating soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) turnover processes in arid and semiarid ecosystems. Here, we conducted a 48-h rewetting simulation experiment with measurements of soil C and N mineralization rates (R and R , respectively) and microbial biomass N (MBN) at high temporal resolution to explore the pulse responses of R and R . R and R responded strongly and rapidly to rewetting over the short term.

Regional variation in the temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition in China's forests and grasslands.

How to assess the temperature sensitivity (Q ) of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and its regional variation with high accuracy is one of the largest uncertainties in determining the intensity and direction of the global carbon (C) cycle in response to climate change. In this study, we collected a series of soils from 22 forest sites and 30 grassland sites across China to explore regional variation in Q and its underlying mechanisms. We conducted a novel incubation experiment with periodically changing temperature (5-30 °C), while continuously measuring soil microbial respiration rates.

Heavy metal deposition through rainfall in Chinese natural terrestrial ecosystems: Evidences from national-scale network monitoring.

Industrialization and urbanization have led to increasingly serious levels of atmospheric heavy metal pollution, which is one of the main sources of heavy metals to terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, it is essential to quantify atmospheric fluxes and explore their potential effects on natural ecosystems and human welfare. We monitored water-soluble heavy metals (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr)) in rainfalls on a monthly basis in 2013 and 2014, at 31 field stations located in typical natural Chinese ecosystems.

Vegetation carbon sequestration in Chinese forests from 2010 to 2050.

Forests store a large part of the terrestrial vegetation carbon (C) and have high C sequestration potential. Here, we developed a new forest C sequestration (FCS) model based on the secondary succession theory, to estimate vegetation C sequestration capacity in China's forest vegetation. The model used the field measurement data of 3161 forest plots and three future climate scenarios.

[A 5-year retrospective clinical study of perinatal cytomegalovirus infection].

Objective: To investigate the incidence, clinical features, and treatment of perinatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, as well as the factors affecting the therapeutic effect of ganciclovir.

Methods: The clinical data of 237 infants who were hospitalized and diagnosed with perinatal CMV infection from 2008 to 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results: The clinical features of infants with perinatal CMV infection and the proportion of such infants in all hospitalized infants showed no significant differences across the five years.

Integrated measures for prevention of invasive Candida infections in preterm infants in a Chinese neonatal intensive care unit.

Background: The increasing incidence of invasive Candida infections (ICIs) in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Xinhua Hospital aroused our concern. We undertook a retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy of different preventive measures for ICI in preterm infants.

Methods: Preterm infants with gestational age (GA) <33 weeks admitted between 2010 and 2013 were divided into 3 groups according to the preventive measures applied in different periods: the control group (CG), fluconazole group (FG), and integrated measures group (IMG).

Dried blood spots PCR assays to screen congenital cytomegalovirus infection: a meta-analysis.

The performance of dried blood spots (DBS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays in screening for congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection varies between different studies. To determine whether the DBS PCR assay has sufficient accuracy to be used as a screening test for cCMV infection, we performed a meta-analysis of 15 studies (n = 26007 neonates) that evaluated the performance of DBS PCR tests in screening for cCMV infection and that met our inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.

Uncertainty and perspectives in studies of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in China: A response to Liu et al. (2015).

In this paper, we have formally responded to the speculation in "Liu et al. suspect that Zhu et al. (2015) may have underestimated dissolved organic N but overestimated total particulate N in wet deposition in China" by Liu et al.