Atropisomerism Observed in Galactose-Based Monosaccharide Inhibitors of Galectin-3 Comprising 2-Methyl-4-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione.

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a carbohydrate binding protein that has been implicated in the development and progression of fibrotic diseases. Proof-of-principal animal models have demonstrated that inhibition of Gal-3 is a potentially viable pathway for the treatment of fibrosis─with small molecule Gal-3 inhibitors advanced into clinical trials. We hereby report the discovery of novel galactose-based monosaccharide Gal-3 inhibitors comprising 2-methyl-4-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione (compound ) and 4-phenyl-4-1,2,4-triazole (compound ).

Evolutionary divergence of subgenomes in common carp provides insights into speciation and allopolyploid success.

Hybridization and polyploidization have made great contributions to speciation, heterosis, and agricultural production within plants, but there is still limited understanding and utilization in animals. Subgenome structure and expression reorganization and cooperation post hybridization and polyploidization are essential for speciation and allopolyploid success. However, the mechanisms have not yet been comprehensively assessed in animals.

Contribution of to Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Synthesis at the Transcriptional Regulation Level in Common Carp, .

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential nutrient for humans and plays a critical role in human development and health. Freshwater fish, such as the common carp (), have a certain degree of DHA biosynthesis ability and could be a supplemental source of human DHA needs. The elongase of very-long-chain fatty acid 5 (Elovl5) is an important enzyme affecting polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biosynthesis.

Identification of benzothiazole derived monosaccharides as potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitors of human and mouse galectin-3; a rare example of using a S···O binding interaction for drug design.

As a result of our continued efforts to pursue Gal-3 inhibitors that could be used to fully evaluate the potential of Gal-3 as a therapeutic target, two novel series of benzothiazole derived monosaccharides as potent (against both human and mouse Gal-3) and orally bioavailable Gal-3 inhibitors, represented by 4 and 5, respectively, were identified. These discoveries were made based on proposals that the benzothiazole sulfur atom could interact with the carbonyl oxygen of G182/G196 in h/mGal-3, and that the anomeric triazole moiety could be modified into an N-methyl carboxamide functionality. The interaction between the benzothiazole sulfur and the carbonyl oxygen of G196 in mGal-3 was confirmed by an X-ray co-crystal structure of early lead 9, providing a rare example of using a S···O binding interaction for drug design.

Manipulating the Reaction Pathway of CO Photoreduction via the Microenvironment of a Re Molecular Catalyst.

Re molecular complexes incorporated into two metal-organic frameworks were investigated to disclose the host-guest interaction by infrared and H nuclear magnetic resonance and to explore the microenvironment around the Re complex by absorption and photoluminescence spectra. ZIF-8 provides a confined space to isolated Re via an electrostatic interaction, while UiO-66 exerts a relaxed space to accessible Re via a coordination interaction. For CO two-electron photoreduction to CO, the turnover number of 28.

Intercross population study reveals that co-mutation of genes in two subgenomes induces red skin color in common carp ( ).

Common carp are among the oldest domesticated fish in the world. As such, there are many food and ornamental carp strains with abundant phenotypic variations due to natural and artificial selection. Hebao red carp (HB, ), an indigenous strain in China, is renowned for its unique body morphology and reddish skin.

Research on Satellite Network Traffic Prediction Based on Improved GRU Neural Network.

The current satellite network traffic forecasting methods cannot fully exploit the long correlation between satellite traffic sequences, which leads to large network traffic forecasting errors and low forecasting accuracy. To solve these problems, we propose a satellite network traffic forecasting method with an improved gate recurrent unit (GRU). This method combines the attention mechanism with GRU neural network, fully mines the characteristics of self-similarity and long correlation among traffic data sequences, pays attention to the importance of traffic data and hidden state, learns the time-dependent characteristics of input sequences, and mines the interdependent characteristics of data sequences to improve the prediction accuracy.

Changes in physiological responses and immunity of blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala from transport stress.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of transport stress on the physiological responses and immunity of Megalobrama amblycephala (blunt snout bream). Fish (109.67 ± 1.

Satellite Network Task Deployment Method Based on SDN and ICN.

With the rapid development of 5G and the Internet of Things, satellite networks are emerging as an indispensable part of realizing wide-area coverage. The growth of the constellation of low-orbit satellites makes it possible to deploy edge computing services in satellite networks. This is, however, challenging due to the topological dynamics and limited resources of satellite networks.

Attentional bias toward pictures related to circumscribed interests in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Background: Circumscribed interests (CIs) are regarded as one of the common symptoms for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although some studies have found attentional bias toward CI-related stimuli for individuals with ASD, few studies have directly explored the reasons for these findings.

Method: Children with ASD (n = 15) and age-matched typically developing (TD) children (n = 15) completed a Stroop-like task and a modified dot-probe task, and their reaction times were measured.

Deep Learning-Based Chest CT Image Features in Diagnosis of Lung Cancer.

This study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of deep learning-optimized chest CT in the patients with lung cancer. 90 patients who were diagnosed with lung cancer by surgery or puncture in hospital were selected as the research subjects. The Mask Region Convolutional Neural Network (Mask-RCNN) model was a typical end-to-end image segmentation model, and Dual Path Network (DPN) was used in nodule detection.

A study of the use of virtual reality headsets in Chinese adolescents with intellectual disability.

Virtual reality technologies (VRTs) present many characteristics that can facilitate learning, especially in individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). The VRT head-mounted display (HMD) has recently shown significant technological improvement. This study aims to prove the suitability of the newer commercially available VRT HMDs used in interventions for adolescents with ID in China.

A pilot study of radiomics signature based on biparametric MRI for preoperative prediction of extrathyroidal extension in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Objective: To investigate efficiency of radiomics signature to preoperatively predict histological features of aggressive extrathyroidal extension (ETE) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with biparametric magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Materials And Methods: Sixty PTC patients with preoperative MR including T2WI and T2WI-fat-suppression (T2WI-FS) were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 35 had ETE and 25 did not.

The allotetraploid origin and asymmetrical genome evolution of the common carp Cyprinus carpio.

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is an allotetraploid species derived from recent whole genome duplication and provides a model to study polyploid genome evolution in vertebrates. Here, we generate three chromosome-level reference genomes of C. carpio and compare to related diploid Cyprinid genomes.

Patterns of Geographical and Potential Adaptive Divergence in the Genome of the Common Carp ().

The common carp, , is a cyprinid fish species cultured in Europe and Asia. It accounts for >70% of freshwater aquaculture production worldwide. We conducted a population genomics analysis on using high-throughput SNP genotyping of 2,198 individuals from 14 populations worldwide to determine the genetic architecture of common carp populations and the genetic bases for environmental adaptation.

Effects of dietary supplementation of three strains of Lactococcus lactis on HIFs genes family expression of the common carp following Aeromonas hydrophila infection.

HIFs (Hypoxia inducible factors) are the main regulators of the expression change of oxygen-dependent genes, in addition, they also play important roles in immune regulation. HIFs participate in infectious diseases and inflammatory responses, providing us a new therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases. In this study, 16 HIFs were identified in common carp genome database.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mutant D306C has a higher inhibition rate for enzyme multiplied immunoassay of cholyglycine.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) has been used in enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) assays for detecting small molecule metabolites such as cholyglycine (CG). A key parameter for successful EMIT CG assay development is the inhibition rate of the G6PDH-CG conjugate, measured as the decrease in enzyme activity upon CG antibody binding. Several commonly used G6PDH cysteine mutants including A45C and K55C have been labeled with CG-maleimide derivative, but inhibition rates of are unsatisfactory.

Genomic, Transcriptomic, and Epigenomic Features Differentiate Genes That Are Relevant for Muscular Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Common Carp.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are a set of important nutrients that mainly include arachidonic acid (ARA4), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and α-linolenic acid (ALA). Recently, fish-derived PUFAs have been associated with cardiovascular health, fetal development, and improvement of brain functions. Studies have shown that fish muscular tissues are rich in PUFAs, which are influenced by various factors, including genetic variations, regulatory profiles, and methylation status of desaturase genes during fatty acid desaturation and elongation processes.

Dataset on evolution analysis of splenic transcriptome in bighead carp and silver carp.

Bighead carp () and silver carp () are closely related species in the subfamily within , and they are also two of the four most important pond-cultured fish species in China. The ability to resist some diseases often differs significantly in silver carp and bighead carp during fishery production. However, the evolutionary divergence of the immune defense functions in these two species is still not understood at the molecular level.

Genetic Mapping of Head Size Related Traits in Common Carp ().

Head size is important economic trait for many aquaculture fish which is directly linked to their carcass yield. The genetic basis of head size trait remains unclear in many widely cultured fish species. Common carp () is one of the most widely studied fish due to its importance on both economic and environmental aspects.

Comparative analysis of spleen transcriptome detects differences in evolutionary adaptation of immune defense functions in bighead carp and silver carp.

The evolutionary divergence of the immune defense functions in bighead carp (A. nobilis) and silver carp (H. molitrix) is still not understood at the molecular level.

miR-146a Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction by Suppressing IRAK1 and TRAF6 via Targeting ErbB4 Expression.

Myocardial dysfunction is a major manifestation of sepsis and closely associated with the increased mortality. MicroRNA-146 is one of the most important microRNAs identified as a potent negative regulator in innate immune and inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We aimed to identify the role and potential regulatory mechanism of miR-146a in sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction with the induction of ErbB4 signaling.

Genome-Scale Association Study of Abnormal Scale Pattern in Yellow River Carp Identified Previously Known Causative Gene in European Mirror Carp.

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the most widely studied fish species due to its great economic value and strong environmental adaptability. Scattered scale, a typical phenotype of the mirror carp that is derived from Europe, has never been observed in the Yellow River carp previously. We recently identified approximately one fourth of the F1 progenies displaying scattered scale in a full-sib Yellow River carp family in our breeding program, despite both parents that showed wild type with normal scale patterns.