Unraveling the role of gut microbiome in predicting adverse events in neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer.

Some patients may develop adverse events during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy, influencing response rates. The roles of intestinal microbiome and its metabolites in therapeutic adverse events remain unclear. We collected baseline fecal samples from 21 patients with adverse events (AE group) and 11 patients without adverse events (Non-AE group).

N-glycan as new potential biomarker for predicting treatment response in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: To investigate the N-glycans related to the metformin efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials And Methods: We enrolled 141 healthy controls and 195 newly diagnosed T2DM patients treated with metformin for 3 months. Serum N-glycan profile was determined by DNA sequencer - assisted fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (DSA-FACE).

Adaptive physiological and metabolic alterations in Staphylococcus aureus evolution under vancomycin exposure.

Staphylococcus aureus can develop antibiotic resistance and evade immune responses, causing infections in different body sites. However, the metabolic changes underlying this process are poorly understood. A variant strain, C1V, was derived from the parental strain C1 by exposing it to increasing concentrations of vancomycin in vitro.

Gut microbiome model predicts response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy plus chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer.

Background: Accurate evaluation of the response to preoperative treatment enables the provision of a more appropriate personalized therapeutic schedule for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), which remains an enormous challenge, especially neoadjuvant immunotherapy plus chemoradiotherapy (nICRT).

Methods: This prospective, multicenter cohort study enrolled patients with LARC from 6 centers who received nICRT. The dynamic variation in the gut microbiome during nICRT was evaluated.

Diagnostic value of BHI-V4 for heterogeneous and vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Brain-heart infusion agar supplemented with 4 µg/mL of vancomycin (BHI-V4) was commonly used for the detection of heterogeneous (hVISA) and vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA). However, its diagnostic value remains unclear. This study aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy of BHI-V4 with population analysis profiling with area under the curve (PAP-AUC) in hVISA/VISA.

Implications of IFNγ SNP rs2069705 in primary Sjögren's syndrome: transcriptional activation and B cell infiltration.

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is characterized by its autoimmune nature. This study investigates the role of the IFNγ SNP rs2069705 in modulating the susceptibility to pSS. Differential expression of IFNγ and BAFF was analyzed using the GEO database's mRNA microarray GSE84844.

Prevalence and molecular characteristics of heterogeneous vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care center of northern China.

The use of glycopeptide medications may decline in line with the annual decline in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) detection rates in China. The rate of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA)detection may be impacted by this. However, there is currently a dearth of information on the incidence of hVISA in China.

Resistance phenotype and genetic features of a heterogeneous vancomycin intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain from an immunocompromised patient.

Strain C1 was successfully isolated from an immunosuppressed patient with persistent bacteremia, who had not previously been exposed to glycopeptide antibiotics. This strain was found to be a heterogeneous vancomycin intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA). It is noteworthy that, following a brief period of vancomycin treatment, strains C6, C8, and C9, which were obtained from blood and other body parts, exhibited a significant reduction in heterogeneity as determined by population analysis profile-area under the curve (PAP-AUC) detection.

A non-human primate derived anti-P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 antibody curtails acute pancreatitis by alleviating the inflammatory responses.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a devastating disease characterized by an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) plays a crucial role in the initial steps of the adhesive at process to inflammatory sites, blockade of PSGL-1 might confer potent anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we generated two non-human primate derived monoclonal antibodies capable of efficiently targeting human PSGL-1, RH001-6 and RH001-22, which were screened from immunized rhesus macaques.

Shengjiang Xiexin decoction mitigates murine Clostridium difficile infection through modulation of the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The overuse of antibiotics has resulted in Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) as a significant global public health concern. Studies have shown that imbalances in gut microbiota and metabolism play a vital role in the onset of CDI. Shengjiang Xiexin decoction (SJT), a traditional Chinese medicinal formula widely employed in the treatment of gastrointestinal ailments, demonstrates effectiveness in addressing murine CDI.

Effects of plant diversity, soil microbial diversity, and network complexity on ecosystem multifunctionality in a tropical rainforest.

Introduction: Plant diversity and soil microbial diversity are important driving factors in sustaining ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) in terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about the relative importance of plant diversity, soil microbial diversity, and soil microbial network complexity to EMF in tropical rainforests.

Methods: This study took the tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China as the research object, and quantified various ecosystem functions such as soil organic carbon stock, soil nutrient cycling, biomass production, and water regulation in the tropical rainforest to explore the relationship and effect of plant diversity, soil microbial diversity, soil microbial network complexity and EMF.

Potential role of gut microbes in the efficacy and toxicity of immune checkpoints inhibitors.

In recent years, Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been extensively used in the treatment of a variety of cancers. However, the response rates ranging from 13% to 69% depending on the tumor type and the emergence of immune-related adverse events have posed significant challenges for clinical treatment. As a key environmental factor, gut microbes have a variety of important physiological functions such as regulating intestinal nutrient metabolism, promoting intestinal mucosal renewal, and maintaining intestinal mucosal immune activity.

Molecular epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, and toxin production of clinical Clostridioides difficile isolates from a teaching hospital in Northern China.

To grasp the epidemiological trend and drug resistance mechanisms of Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) in Beijing, 302 C. diff isolates were obtained from patients with diarrhea.

Effects of Omeprazole on Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection Caused by ST81 Strains and Their Potential Mechanisms.

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is associated with high recurrence rates that have substantial effects on patients' quality of life. To investigate the risk factors and potential mechanisms contributing to recurrent CDI (rCDI), a total of 243 cases were enrolled in this study. The history of omeprazole (OME) medication and ST81 strain infection were considered the two independent risks with the highest odds ratios in rCDI.

Quinolone Resistance Genes and Their Contribution to Resistance in Serogroup O139.

Background: Quinolones are commonly used for reducing the duration of diarrhea, infection severity, and limiting further transmission of disease related to , but susceptibility to quinolone decreases over time. In addition to mutations in the quinolone-resistance determining regions (QRDRs), the presence of and other acquired genes also contributes to quinolone resistance.

Results: We determined the prevalence of quinolone resistance related genes among O139 strains isolated in China.

An Ultrasensitive PCR-Based CRISPR-Cas13a Method for the Detection of .

The rapid and simple detection of () is essential for its clinical eradication. Although various methods for detecting have been well established, such as endoscopy in combination with histology or culture, rapid urease test (RUT) and molecular tests using clinical specimens, it is of great importance to develop an ultrasensitive and accurate nucleic acid detection platform and apply it to identify . To meet these demands, a novel method based on PCR and CRISPR-Cas13a, called PCR-Cas13a, was developed and validated using the DNA of 84 clinical strains and 71 clinical specimens.

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Virulence Genes and Their Association with Chronic Gastritis in Beijing, China.

Helicobacter pylori is closely related to chronic gastritis. The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between H. pylori virulence genes and chronic gastritis in order to determine the pathogenic role of H.

In vitro Studies of Non-Diphtheriae Isolates on Antimicrobial Susceptibilities, Drug Resistance Mechanisms, and Biofilm Formation Capabilities.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibilities, drug resistance mechanisms, and biofilm formation capacities of non-diphtheriae strains isolated from sterile midstream urine of hospitalized patients with clinical urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Methods: A total of 45 non-diphtheriae isolates were recovered from sterile midstream urine. The available data of 45 patients were collected.

Host and microbial-derived metabolites for Clostridioides difficile infection: Contributions, mechanisms and potential applications.

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), which mostly occurs in hospitalized patients, is the most common and costly health care-associated disease. However, the biology of C. difficile remains incompletely understood.

Soil moisture regulates warming responses of autumn photosynthetic transition dates in subtropical forests.

Autumn phenology plays a key role in regulating the terrestrial carbon and water balance and their feedbacks to the climate. However, the mechanisms underlying autumn phenology are still poorly understood, especially in subtropical forests. In this study, we extracted the autumn photosynthetic transition dates (APTD) in subtropical China over the period 2003-2017 based on a global, fine-resolution solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) dataset (GOSIF) using four fitting methods, and then explored the temporal-spatial variations of APTD and its underlying mechanisms using partial correlation analysis and machine learning methods.

In vitro Antimicrobial Activity and the Mechanism of Berberine Against Methicillin-Resistant Isolated from Bloodstream Infection Patients.

Purpose: To investigate the antimicrobial activity of berberine and the mechanism by which it combats methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains isolated from patients with bloodstream infections.

Methods: Fifteen clinical MRSA isolates were collected, and their Multi-locus Sequence Types (MLST) were examined. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and combined antibacterial activity of berberine alone, and when combined with clindamycin and rifampicin separately, were determined.

Rapid detection of cagA-positive Helicobacter pylori based on duplex recombinase aided amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick assay.

Infection with cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA)-positive Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is associated with severe gastrointestinal disease. A rapid, simple, and convenient detection method for cagA-positive H.