Establishment of embryogenic Pinus thunbergii Parl. suspension cultures: growth parameters, dynamic analysis, and plant regenerative capacities.

Background: Pinus thunbergii is an economically important conifer species that plays a fundamental role in forest ecosystems. However, the population has declined dramatically in recent years as a result of the pine wilt disease outbreak. Thus, developing pine wilt-resistant P.

The fertility recovering from heat stress and interactions of heat shock protein 20 with reproduction-related proteins in Monochamus alternatus.

Due to the rise in global temperatures with climate change, insects, as ectotherms, critically depend on their heat tolerance for survival and reproduction. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are essential for heat tolerance by averting protein denaturation; however, whether HSPs contribute to reproduction-related heat tolerance remains largely unexplored. The study investigated the reproductive heat tolerance and recovery of Monochamus alternatus, a major forestry pest, in response to heat stress.

A phosphate starvation induced small RNA promotes Bacillus biofilm formation.

Currently, almost all known regulators involved in bacterial phosphorus metabolism are proteins. In this study, we identified a conserved new small regulatory RNA (sRNA), named PhoS, encoded in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the phoPR genes in Bacillus velezensis and B. subtilis.

Effective Synthesis of mRNA during In Vitro Transcription with Fewer Impurities Produced.

The remarkable efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines has established mRNA as a highly promising biomedical technology. However, the adequate application of mRNA therapeutics necessitates additional measures to mitigate the inherent immunogenicity, which is predominantly caused by dsRNA. As a byproduct of the in vitro transcription of mRNA, dsRNA was reported to be originated through several distinct mechanisms, including the extension of 3' loop-back hairpins, the extension of hybridized abortive transcripts, and promoter-independent transcription.

Phospho-code of a conserved transcriptional factor underpins fungal virulence.

Background: Cell wall integrity (CWI) is crucial for fungal growth, pathogenesis, and adaptation to extracellular environments. Calcofluor white (CFW) is a cell wall perturbant that inhibits fungal growth, yet little is known about how phytopathogenic fungi respond to the CFW-induced stress.

Results: In this study, we unveiled a significant discovery that CFW triggered the translocation of the transcription factor CgCrzA from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

Distinct biogeographic patterns for bacteria and fungi in association with nematodes and infested pinewood.

Unlabelled: Pinewood nematodes (PWN, ) are destructive plant parasitic nematodes that cause pine wilt disease (PWD) by attacking the vascular systems of pine trees, resulting in widespread tree mortality. Research has shown that there are connections between nematode-associated microbes and PWD. Yet the variations in microbial communities across different geographic regions are not well-understood.

The Growth-Promoting and Colonization of the Pine Endophytic for Pine Wilt Disease Control.

In this study, we focused on evaluating the impact of BHJ04 on the growth of seedlings and its biocontrol efficacy against pine wilt disease (PWD). Additionally, the colonization dynamics of BHJ04 on were examined. The growth promotion experiment showed that BHJ04 significantly promoted the growth of the branches and roots of .

Effective Synthesis of High-Integrity mRNA Using In Vitro Transcription.

mRNA vaccines are entering a period of rapid development. However, their synthesis is still plagued by challenges related to mRNA impurities and fragments (incomplete mRNA). Most impurities of mRNA products transcribed in vitro are mRNA fragments.

A pioneer nematode effector suppresses plant reactive oxygen species burst by interacting with the class III peroxidase.

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the pathogen of pine wilt disease, which can devastate the pine forest ecosystem. Usually, plant cells generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a defensive substance or signalling molecules to resist the infection of nematodes. However, little is known about how B.

Parl. Somatic Plants' Resistance to Depends on Pathogen-Induced Differential Transcriptomic Responses.

Parl. is an economically and medicinally important plant, as well as a world-renowned horticultural species of the genus. Pine wilt disease is a dangerous condition that affects .

Heat stress-induced oviposition behavioral change correlates with sperm damage in the pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus.

Background: Global climate change is causing an increase in extreme high temperatures (EHTs), which subject insects to unprecedented stress. Behavior plasticity in response to EHTs, particularly oviposition behavior, is important for the persistence and outbreak of insect populations. Investigating the plasticity of oviposition behavior and its underlying mechanisms has theoretical importance to pest management, but knowledge gaps still remain.

Effective synthesis of circRNA via a thermostable T7 RNA polymerase variant as the catalyst.

Introduction: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with transcriptional lengths ranging from hundreds to thousands. circRNAs have attracted attention owing to their stable structure and ability to treat complicated diseases. Our objective was to create a one-step reaction for circRNA synthesis using wild-type T7 RNA polymerase as the catalyst.

Mechanism of Salt Tolerance and Plant Growth Promotion in ZS-3 Revealed by Cellular Metabolism and Whole-Genome Studies.

Approximately one-third of agricultural land worldwide is affected by salinity, which limits the productivity and sustainability of crop ecosystems. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a potential solution to this problem, as PGPR increases crop yield through improving soil fertility and stress resistance. Previous studies have shown that ZS-3(ZS-3) can effectively help plants tolerate salinity stress.

Resistant and Susceptible ParL. Show Highly Divergent Patterns of Differentially Expressed Genes during the Process of Infection by .

Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a devastating disease that threatens pine forests worldwide, and breeding resistant pines is an important management strategy used to reduce its impact. A batch of resistant seeds of was introduced from Japan. Based on the resistant materials, we obtained somatic plants through somatic embryogenesis.

The Bursaphelenchus xylophilus candidate effector BxLip-3 targets the class I chitinases to suppress immunity in pine.

Lipase is involved in lipid hydrolysis, which is related to nematodes' energy reserves and stress resistance. However, the role of lipases in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a notorious plant-parasitic nematode responsible for severe damage to pine forest ecosystems, remains largely obscure. Here, we characterized a class III lipase as a candidate effector and named it BxLip-3.

Genetic diversity and genome-wide association analysis of pine wood nematode populations in different regions of China.

Introduction: Pine wilt disease () was recently detected in Liaoning Province, which was previously considered an unfavourable area for due to its low temperatures. This study aims to compare the reproductivity and genetic variations of isolates from Liaoning Province and other parts of China to explore their phenotypic and genomic differences.

Methods: The samples from Liaoning, Anhui, Hubei, Henan, Zhejiang and Jiangsu were isolated and purified to obtain the strains.

Optimization of Constitutive Promoters Using a Promoter-Trapping Vector in JK-SH007.

Selecting suitable promoters to drive gene overexpression can provide significant insight into the development of engineered bacteria. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome data of JK-SH007 and identified 54 highly expressed genes. The promoter sequences were located using genome-wide data and scored using the prokaryotic promoter prediction software BPROM to further screen out 18 promoter sequences.

somatic embryo maturation, mycorrhization of regenerated plantlets and its resistance to .

Pine wilt disease, caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN, ), is a major quarantine forest disease that poses a threat to various pine species, including (masson pine), worldwide. Breeding of PWN-resistant pine trees is an important approach to prevent the disease. To expedite the production of PWN-resistant accessions, we investigated the effects of maturation medium treatments on somatic embryo development, germination, survival, and rooting.

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Response of the Bacterium SK1-7 to Interactions and Dissolution with Potassium Feldspar.

Potassium feldspar (KO·AlO·6SiO) is considered to be the most important source of potash fertilizer. The use of microorganisms to dissolve potassium feldspar is a low-cost and environmentally friendly method. Priestia aryabhattai SK1-7 is a strain with a strong ability to dissolve potassium feldspar; it showed a faster pH drop and produced more acid in the medium with potassium feldspar as the insoluble potassium source than in the medium with KHPO as the soluble potassium source.

Promoting the application of Pinus thunbergii Parl. to enhance the growth and survival rates of post-germination somatic plantlets.

Objective: There is a growing need for nematode resistant Pinaceae species plantlets to cope with the global scale degradation of coniferous forests, due to the prevalence of pine wilt disease. One of the bottlenecks that limits the commercialization of Pinaceae species plantlets is regeneration following their transfer from controlled sterile environments to the field while maintaining high survival rates.

Methods: The growth factors of somatic plantlets (SPs), such as sucrose, media, culture substrate, brassinolide and spectrum were investigated to promote the application of somatic nematode-resistant P.

Efficient synthesis of furfurylamine from biomass a hybrid strategy in an EaCl:Gly-water medium.

The objective of this work was to develop an efficient approach for chemoenzymatically transforming biomass to furfurylamine by bridging chemocatalysis and biocatalysis in a deep eutectic solvent of EaCl:Gly-water. Using hydroxyapatite (HAP) as support, heterogeneous catalyst SO /SnO-HAP was synthesized for transforming lignocellulosic biomass into furfural using organic acid as a co-catalyst. The turnover frequency (TOF) was correlated with the pKa value of the used organic acid.