Effects of cofermentation of and different lactic acid bacteria on the organic acid content, soluble sugar content, biogenic amines, phenol content, antioxidant activity and aroma of prune wine.

To determine the effect of cofermentation of and different LABs on prune wine quality, this study compared phenolic compounds, organic acids, soluble sugars, biogenic amines and volatile flavor compounds among different treatments. The results showed that inoculation of LAB increased DPPH and total flavonoid content. Malic acid content was reduced in HS, HB and HF.

Characterization of differences in physicochemical properties, volatile organic compounds and non-volatile metabolites of prune wine by inoculation of different lactic acid bacteria during malolactic fermentation.

To investigate the effects of inoculating with three strains of lactic acid bacteria on prune wine quality during malolactic fermentation, this study determined its antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, organic acids, and volatile/non-volatile metabolites. The results showed that inoculation with Lactobacillus paracasei SMN-LBK improved the antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of prune wine. 73 VOCs were detected in prune wine by HS-SPME-GC-MS, and VOC content increased by 4.

Dendron-Functionalized Surface: Efficient Strategy for Enhancing the Capture of Microvesicles.

Microvesicles (MVs) are used by various types of cells in the human body for intercellular communication, making them biomarkers of great potential for the early and non-evasive diagnosis of a spectrum of diseases. An integrated analysis including morphological, quantitative, and compositional studies is most desirable for the clinical application of MV detection; however, such integration is limited by the currently available analysis techniques. In this context, exploiting the phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure of MVs, we synthesized a series of dendritic molecules with PS-binding sites at the periphery.

LiGaGeS: A Chalcogenide with Good Infrared Nonlinear Optical Performance and Low Melting Point.

In this work, we design and synthesize a new chalcogenide LiGaGeS on the basis of known infrared (IR) material LiGaS by partially substituting Ga with Ge. This compound possesses very strong nonlinear (NLO) response (2.5 × LiGaS) and large band gap (3.

Ultrabright organic fluorescent microparticles for in vivo tracing applications.

We report the in vivo distribution, toxicity and metabolism of micro-sized fluorescent organic particles and their applications in cerebral blood flow tracing. The fluorescent microparticles exhibit bright fluorescence, good photo-stability and low toxicity; therefore, they are ideal for long-term non-invasive in vivo tracing. In contrast to conventional fluorescent labeling agents, which stain the entire blood vessel, the tracer microparticles can be easily tracked individually and provide vital information about blood flow behavior.

Rational design of small indolic squaraine dyes with large two-photon absorption cross section.

Small organic dyes with large two-photon absorption (TPA) cross sections () are more desirable in many applications compared with large molecules. Herein, we proposed a facile theoretical method for the fast screening of small organic molecules as potential TPA dyes. This method is based on a theoretical analysis to the natural transition orbitals (NTOs) directly associated with the TPA transition.

New molecular probe for the selective detection of zinc ion.

A new multisignaling molecular probe DFDB was designed for the selective detection of Zn(2+). DFDB can be synthesized by a simple one-step reaction in high yield. Theoretical calculation suggests a novel sandwich structure of the DFDB·Zn(2+) complex.

The RNA export factor, Nxt1, is required for tissue specific transcriptional regulation.

The highly conserved, Nxf/Nxt (TAP/p15) RNA nuclear export pathway is important for export of most mRNAs from the nucleus, by interacting with mRNAs and promoting their passage through nuclear pores. Nxt1 is essential for viability; using a partial loss of function allele, we reveal a role for this gene in tissue specific transcription. We show that many Drosophila melanogaster testis-specific mRNAs require Nxt1 for their accumulation.

Wake-up-call, a lin-52 paralogue, and Always early, a lin-9 homologue physically interact, but have opposing functions in regulating testis-specific gene expression.

A conserved multi-subunit complex (MybMuvB, MMB), regulates transcriptional activity of many different target genes in Drosophila somatic cells. A paralogous complex, tMAC, controls expression of at least 1500 genes in the male germline, and is essential for sperm production. The roles of specific subunits of tMAC, MMB or orthologous complexes in regulating target gene expression are not understood.

Tombola, a tesmin/TSO1-family protein, regulates transcriptional activation in the Drosophila male germline and physically interacts with always early.

During male gametogenesis, a developmentally regulated and cell type-specific transcriptional programme is activated in primary spermatocytes to prepare for differentiation of sperm. The Drosophila aly-class meiotic-arrest loci (aly, comr, achi/vis and topi) are essential for activation of transcription of many differentiation-specific genes, and several genes important for meiotic cell cycle progression, thus linking meiotic divisions to cellular differentiation during spermatogenesis. Protein interaction studies suggest that the aly-class gene products form a chromatin-associated complex in primary spermatocytes.

Regulation of transcription of meiotic cell cycle and terminal differentiation genes by the testis-specific Zn-finger protein matotopetli.

A robust developmentally regulated and cell type specific transcriptional programme is activated in primary spermatocytes in preparation for differentiation of the male gametes during spermatogenesis. Work in Drosophila is beginning to reveal the genetic networks that regulate this gene expression. The Drosophila aly-class meiotic arrest loci are essential for activation of transcription of many differentiation-specific genes, as well as several genes important for meiotic cell cycle progression, thus linking meiotic cell cycle progression to cellular differentiation during spermatogenesis.

Drosophila TGIF is essential for developmentally regulated transcription in spermatogenesis.

We have investigated the role of TGIF, a TALE-class homeodomain transcription factor, in Drosophila development. In vertebrates, TGIF has been implicated, by in vitro analysis, in several pathways, most notably as a repressor modulating the response to TGFbeta signalling. Human TGIF has been associated with the developmental disorder holoprosencephaly.

Transcriptional activation in Drosophila spermatogenesis involves the mutually dependent function of aly and a novel meiotic arrest gene cookie monster.

In Drosophila spermatogenesis, meiotic cell cycle progression and cellular differentiation are linked by the function of the meiotic arrest genes. The meiotic arrest genes control differentiation by regulating the transcriptional activation of many differentiation-specific genes. The meiotic arrest genes have been subdivided into aly and can classes, based on the mechanism by which they control cell cycle progression.

A Tripolar Spindle Formed at Meiosis I Assures the Retention of the Original Ploidy in the Gynogenetic Triploid Crucian Carp, Ginbuna Carassius auratus langsdorfii: (fish oocytes/gynogenesis/meiosis/spindle formation/histone H1 kinase).

A triploid crucian carp, ginbuna (Carassius auratus langsdorfii), reproduces by gynogenesis, in which sperm of diploid ginbuna or of other species triggers the development of the triploid eggs, but a male genome makes no contribution to the zygotic genome. Gynogenesis is maintained by two mechanisms: exclusion of male genome during fertilization and retention of somatic ploidy levels during oogenesis. We examined the mechanisms responsible for producing unreduced eggs.